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Concerned about the technological progress in the field of mechanical processing in China, it is necessary to contact the development of the world. Because technology and science have no national boundaries, and they promote each other. From this perspective, the evolution of the world's mechanical processing technology is at least four aspects of the "quality change" nature.
In the past three decades, the world's four major qualitative changes in the field of mechanical processing, China has been actively participating and made important contributions, and some aspects have even entered the forefront of the world.
The four qualitative changes are:
Intelligent production tools appear
Recently, at the "Strategic Industry Choice" symposium of the Policy Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I put forward a point of view. "The intelligent nature of machine tools as production tools is an epoch-making development of human production tools. Human beings are welcoming an era of intelligent production tools. Arrived, and many comrades who attended the meeting agreed.
Human production tools have evolved from manual to dynamic. Marx believes that this is a revolution in human production tools. This powerful production tool is called “tool machine†(ie machine tool). Due to the limitations of the times, Marx has no chance to experience and be exposed to the changes in the intelligence of human production tools.
When the machine tool (machine tool) has the numerical control function, the prototype of human intelligent production tools is likely to appear. This is another new and epoch-making development of human production tools.
The emergence of CNC machine tools marks the beginning of the development of machine tools to intelligence. Back to the development history of machine tools, from the first CNC machine tool in 1952 to more than 50 years, including 30 years of maturity and 20 years of large-scale application, especially in recent years, the further development of machine tool intelligent functions The addition marks the qualitative change of machine tool technology on the road of development. It can be said that computer control technology, network technology, and software function expansion provide a material basis for machine tool intelligence.
There is no comprehensive definition of intelligent machine tools. Simply put, it is a machine tool that can self-judg and correct various parameters and functions that affect the machining process, and self-select and make decisions. That is, intelligent machine tools can monitor and diagnose. Evaluate, compensate, and correct various types of deviations (such as automatic tool radius detection, tool breakage detection, multi-axis synchronization differences, etc.) that occur during machining, and provide optimized machining solutions (such as adjusting machine processing time and routing) Select the best machining parameters, spindle operating conditions, position compensation, accuracy correction, thermal deformation compensation, etc.). The earliest features with intelligent control of machine tools can be traced back to adaptive control of EDM machines, which automatically adjust the discharge gap between the electrodes and the workpiece according to the processing parameters to achieve the best processing results.
In recent years, Japan's Yamazaki Mazak Company has successively developed intelligent spindle vibration control, intelligent thermal barrier, intelligent anti-collision barrier, and language prompts; Japan's Daxie Company has developed the thinkc intelligent digital control system and so on. It shows that with the development of technology, the intelligent function of the production tool of the machine tool will become more and more advanced and more and more. The development of human intelligent production tools is in the ascendant and bright prospects.
Breakthrough in processing methods
Rapidpro to typing technology is a processing method that has emerged in the past 20 years. It is a major breakthrough in the reverse thinking of processing methods. It is a huge change in the processing principle, and the traditional "removal of materials" (cutting, punching) that has been in use ever since. The methods of cutting, cutting, and grinding are fundamentally different. Rapid prototyping technology is actually the opposite of manufacturing by means of “material stacking†or “material accumulation†method and “additive manufacturing methodâ€. A method of prototypeing a workpiece. Composite paper, high-polymer material, metal powder, high-temperature alloy, composite ceramic, foundry sand, etc. are used as processing raw materials; using electrothermal, laser beam, electron beam as energy source, layered solid manufacturing (LOM), fused deposition molding (FDM) ), UV laser curing (SLA), laser area sintering (SLS) and other methods to achieve prototype part modeling, to accelerate the assessment of the correctness and feasibility of parts design, greatly shorten the development cycle of the machine, in addition to the application of mechanical parts Prototypes, sand cores, and even into the three-dimensional art shape shaping and human medical biomimetic parts (such as bone and joint) manufacturing and other related fields. This is the latest product of the integrated development of computer science, new materials science, and new energy science.
In this field, there are active investment in state-owned and private research institutes and enterprises such as Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Tongji University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Liantai, Beijing Ruikeda, Wuhan Binhu Electromechanical Technology Industry Co., Ltd. . The products developed have entered the world first. There are many varieties of products on the market, with an annual output of several hundred units, and technology has been exported to Singapore.
Revolutionary changes in machine tool structure
In the past two decades, the world's machine tool design has undergone a revolutionary change. A "parallel structure" machine tool has appeared. The "parallel structure" is completely different from all the traditional machine tool structures. The traditional machine tool structure is a series structure, that is, according to Cartesian coordinates. The movement of the three coordinate lines and the three coordinate rotations are sequentially connected in series to form a machine structure of the relative motion trajectory of the required tool. All structural geometric accuracy errors, force transmission and stiffness loss will form a series accumulation. And become a deadly weak link. The parallel structure machine tool moves the spindle head by moving the multi-rod structure in space at the same time. Compared with the series structure, the parallel structure has more simplification, higher rigidity and dynamic performance (including precision guarantee and motion efficiency). A good series of main advantages.
In the past 20 years, more than 20 teams in more than a dozen countries around the world are engaged in research and development in this area. Among them, Sweden TRICEPT has supplied more than 400 products, which are widely used in Airbus, Boeing and General Motors and Carter. In the large engineering machinery factory of Piel, several other teams have exhibited prototypes separately. In recent years, although there are no further reports, they have not stopped. According to the author's contact with some of the teams (such as Toyota Machine, Daxie, Germany Index), they are still speeding up the research and trying to improve performance. There are also five or six production, study and research combinations in China's machine tool industry. Work, in which Harbin Measuring Tool Group and Harbin Institute of Technology jointly developed a parallel structure (six-bar structure) has been mass-produced five, successfully applied to the blade processing production line of Harbin Steam Turbine Plant; Qiqihar Second Machine Tool Group and Tsinghua University jointly developed The gantry-type "hybrid" structure (ie, series and parallel hybrid) machine tools are independently designed by China and have been successfully used in the manufacture of large hydropower station equipment of Harbin Electric Machinery Factory.
At the recent China CNC Machine Tool Exhibition (CCMT2008) held in Beijing, Harbin Measuring Tool Group CNC Equipment Factory exhibited a new type of parallel structure machine tool LINKS-EXE700 with new breakthrough significance. It was invented by the original Swedish TRICEPT. The newly-developed EXCHON newly developed, Haliang Group is an enterprise that exclusively introduces this technology in China for production and continues to cooperate in developing application fields. The newly developed LINKS-EXE700 parallel structure machine tool is characterized by further simplification of structure and processing range. The increase, the action is fast, the rigidity and precision are significantly improved, and the five-axis linkage numerical control programming is further improved to facilitate the mastery.
After different functions, it can be widely used in aerospace, aviation, locomotive, automobile, engineering machinery, mold industry for milling, drilling, grinding, welding, riveting, burring and assembly. It can be used in stand-alone mode. Multiple units are configured as production lines. For ultra-long wing or huge locomotive frame processing, it is also possible to use the "parallel mechanism" on the moving base on the track or on the gantry frame (moving during machining, which can be automatically and accurately segmented) to achieve large size. Workpiece machining.
Therefore, in order to rapidly expand the field of use, in addition to the supply of "parallel structure universal machine tools" products, "parallel structure manufacturers" (such as Haliang) should also be provided in parallel structure parts and user industry equipment manufacturers (such as cars, locomotives) , engineering machinery, aviation industry professional process equipment factory) to provide different types of pedestal or mobile framework, and with the development of dedicated equipment willing to join the machine tool factory, targeted to expand the sales market for such machine tool products.
Variation of tool concept
The traditional machining process system is generally composed of machine tools - tools - (fixtures) - workpieces, and the tool links are traditionally classified as turning tools, milling cutters, boring tools, drill bits, broaches, grinding wheels, dies, and pressure. Model and the like. All of these tools are nothing but solids with a certain hardness, such as high-speed steel, tool steel, hard alloy, cubic boron nitride, single crystal and polycrystalline diamond, ceramic and other materials. Later, the high-temperature cutting method of oxy-acetylene appeared. The electric energy processing method, electrochemical processing, laser processing method, electron beam processing method, ion implantation method, photolithography method, etc. appeared one after another, until recently, it belongs to "cold energy"," The high-pressure water jet of soft media (commonly known as "waterjet") processing method debuts with a brand-new attitude, and cooperates with multi-coordinate numerical control technology in the trial production of new products in the automotive industry (the cycle can be greatly shortened. China has Nanjing Waterjet Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Process Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. supplies products to the market. High-pressure water jet (waterjet) processing is rapidly expanding in other application fields. The emergence of such “soft†and “hard†processing tools is dazzling and overwhelming.
There are still many advances in the field of machining that are “quantitative†or “gradientsâ€. For example, the improvement of machining precision has increased by an order of magnitude almost every ten years, sub-micron, nano-processing is constantly upgrading, and so on.
The "Trans flex" machine tool that introduces technology from Sweden to the country is expected to be unveiled in the market in early 2009 at the upcoming new product in China, and it is also the world's first appearance. Transflex, as its name suggests, includes both the Transferline (rigid transfer line) and the Flexible line (flexible line), with both genes. Its principle is that it is composed of a variety of power heads, still according to the production line layout, but the execution sequence or action of the processing is controlled by the numerical control system, and the clamping of the workpiece is performed by the hanging robot. This Transflex machine is compact and has a small footprint, saves auxiliary time, and can adapt to more complex workpieces. It is a kind of machine tool that is worthy of attention.
Analysis of Four Major Changes in Equipment Manufacturing in China
In the past three decades, the world's four major qualitative changes in the field of mechanical processing, China has been actively participating and made important contributions, and some aspects have even entered the forefront of the world.