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I. Operation of China's steel industry
(1) The output of crude steel increased slightly and the regional development was uneven. In 2012, the country's cumulative production of crude steel was 716.54 million tons, an increase of 3.1%; iron production was 657.91 million tons, an increase of 3.7%; steel production (including duplicate materials) was 951.68 million tons, an increase of 7.7%, and the year-on-year growth rate dropped by 4.2 and 4.7 respectively. And 2.2 percentage points. From various regions, the growth rate of crude steel in Xinjiang, Guizhou, Fujian, Jilin, Yunnan, Guangxi and other places exceeded 10%; the output of crude steel in Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hebei and other provinces increased by 9.4%, 8% and 6.2% respectively. The average growth rate in the country; while Tianjin, Shanghai and other economically developed regions and Chongqing, Hunan and other provinces with high concentration of production capacity decreased by more than 7%.
(2) The net export growth rate of steel products was stable, and the price of iron ore rebounded rapidly in the near future. In 2012, China's cumulative export of steel products was 55.73 million tons, up 14% year-on-year; imported steel was 13.66 million tons, down 12.3%; imported steel billet was 360,000 tons, down 43.3%; the total billet was equivalent to net exports of 42.07 million tons of crude steel, a year-on-year increase 26.3%, the growth rate was basically the same as the previous year. In 2012, the country imported a total of 74.355 million tons of iron ore, an increase of 8.4% year-on-year. The average import price was US$128.6/ton, down by US$35.4/ton. The monthly average mineral price began to rise after falling to an annual low of $104.9/ton in October. Especially in the past more than a month, the mine price rebounded rapidly. By January 2013, the transaction price quickly climbed to over $150/ton.
(3) The price of steel fell sharply, and the price of long products fell significantly. The steel price level in 2012 was generally lower than the previous year. Especially since mid-April, the market has experienced a sharp decline, and the price once fell to the level of 1994. At the end of December, the China Steel Industry Association's comprehensive steel price index was 105.3 points, down 15.2 points from the beginning of the year, down 12.6%. From the product structure point of view, the price of long products (rebar, wire, etc.) fell more than the plate (thin plate, plate, etc.), the long-term "long-strong plate weak" situation has changed. As of the end of 2012, the national average price of third-grade rebar was 3,808 yuan / ton, down 672 yuan / ton from the same period of last year; the average price of 3.0mm hot rolling was 4,081 yuan / ton, down 273 yuan / ton.
(4) Steel stocks continued to decline, and steel companies' inventory pressures increased. In 2012, domestic steel social inventories continued to decline. From the beginning of February, the chain fell for 9 consecutive months. By the end of December, the national total steel market stocks were 11.88 million tons, down by 7.06 million tons from the highest point of the year, compared with the same period of last year. Reduced by 1.02 million tons. Steel stocks continued to decline, and the pressure of market supply and demand contradictions was transmitted to production enterprises. Steel stocks of steel companies have been at a high level last year, with the highest point in history reaching 12.32 million tons in July. As of mid-November 2012, steel enterprises had stocks of 10.64 million tons. In the same period of 2011, it increased by 6.1%.
(5) The efficiency of enterprises has fallen sharply, and investment in fixed assets has dropped significantly. In 2012, 80 key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises realized sales revenue of 354.41 billion yuan, down 4.3% year-on-year; realized profits of 1.58 billion yuan, down 98.2% year-on-year, and the sales profit margin was almost zero (only 0.04%). In 2012, the accumulated investment in fixed assets of the steel industry was 658.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3%. The investment in ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 505.5 billion yuan, down 2% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped significantly.
Second, there are problems in the operation of the steel industry
(1) The growth rate of downstream consumer demand has declined, and overcapacity has further highlighted. In 2012, the national real estate development investment increased by 16.2% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 11.9 percentage points year-on-year; the industrial output value (product output) growth of machinery, automobile and household appliances industry also dropped significantly, and the weak demand in the steel market continued. The utilization rate of crude steel capacity is only 72%.
(2) The price of minerals is stronger than the price of steel, and steel enterprises are in a passive position. In September 2012, the price of imported iron ore fell by US$43/ton compared with the same period of the previous year, which was equivalent to a decrease of 450 yuan for the cost of steel, while the price of steel fell by 1,200 yuan/ton during the same period. When the market rebounded from September to December 2012, except for hot rolled plate and medium plate, the increase rate was around RMB 500/ton. Most steel products rose by RMB 200/ton, while the price of imported iron ore rose by USD 50/ About ton, only iron ore will increase the cost of tons of materials by about 500 yuan. The sharp fluctuations in the mining price have caused many enterprises to suffer serious losses. In the first 11 months of 2012, Shougang Group reduced its profit by 10.7 billion yuan, and the original fuel price reduction only increased by 7 billion yuan, and the combined profit reduction reached 3.7 billion yuan.
(3) The concentration of industry is reduced, and the growth rate of investment in non-key enterprises is not reduced. Since 2012, most of the key large and medium-sized steel enterprises have taken measures to reduce production due to the market downturn, which has alleviated the relationship between supply and demand in the market to a certain extent, but some non-key enterprises have increased their production with low cost advantages. For the first 11 months, the output of key large and medium-sized steel enterprises decreased by 0.6% year-on-year, non-key enterprises increased by 23.3%, and the industrial concentration of the top ten steel enterprises also decreased from 48.3% to 46.1%. Under the condition that the investment of key large and medium-sized steel enterprises decreased by 27.8%, the investment of non-key enterprises increased by 17.4%. Non-key enterprises accounted for 83.6% of the fixed assets investment in the steel industry, far exceeding the key large and medium-sized enterprises.
Third, the steel industry actively respond to challenges
In the face of industry difficulties, the competent industrial and information authorities at all levels actively supported the industry to overcome difficulties. Industry associations strengthened organization and coordination to solve problems for enterprises. Iron and steel enterprises also actively took measures to cope with market changes and effectively ensured the smooth operation of the steel industry.
(1) Adhere to the fixed production by sales and effectively control the output. Strengthen production organization based on market demand. Baotou Steel and Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., through priority protection of heavy-duty trucks and other products with good sales and high profitability, reduce the sales of products such as medium and heavy plates, and ensure stable production. The China Iron and Steel Association organized member companies to take control measures. In 2012, the crude steel output of member companies fell by 0.6% year-on-year, which played a positive role in stabilizing the market.
(2) Strengthening refined management, promoting digging potential, reducing costs and increasing efficiency. The iron and steel enterprises promote the seamless connection between operation and production, and fully reduce the inventory of raw materials and finished products, improve the capital turnover rate, and enhance the adaptability of the enterprise market. In 2012, Hebei Iron and Steel Group reduced the inventory of various raw materials and auxiliary materials by 850,000 tons, which also reduced the cost and ensured the stable and flexible operation of the company. At the same time, from the aspects of procurement, production, process technology, inventory, sales, etc., we will carry out full-process tapping and system-wide cost reduction activities. Baosteel Group Ningbo Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., through benchmarking potential and cost, made the cost of hot metal for 9 consecutive months better than the industry average.
(3) Promote product upgrading and continuously develop the market. Some local governments and steel companies are aiming at the transformation and upgrading requirements of downstream industries, increasing investment and actively expanding the market. Through the organization of production and demand docking activities, Liaoning Province has set up a platform for key steel enterprises and downstream users to expand steel consumption demand; a large number of products such as large-size continuous casting round billet, spring steel and cord steel developed by Xingcheng Special Steel have reached The world's advanced level; WISCO obtained 33 large-scale transformer steel supply rights through expansion of the market, high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel entered the field of ultra-high voltage and DC converter transformers for the first time, and the automotive panels were first supplied to Shanghai Volkswagen and other high-end automobile factories.
(4) Pay close attention to transformation and upgrading, and improve the quality and potential of development. Hebei, Shanxi and other places encourage iron and steel enterprises to implement technological transformations in the areas of variety quality, energy saving, clean production, optimize production processes, upgrade enterprise technology and equipment, improve the comprehensive utilization of resources, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Some enterprises focus on the main steel industry, expand the extension of the industrial chain, improve the level of efficiency and anti-risk ability. Shagang Group promoted the construction of Shagang's large logistics base through various means such as joint ventures, and accelerated the pace of steel trade and shear processing enterprises.
Fourth, the key work in 2013
In 2013, China's crude steel output is expected to be around 750 million tons, and the apparent consumption of crude steel is around 700 million tons, which is close to the peak demand area of ​​crude steel demand predicted by the “12th Five-Year Development Plan for the Iron and Steel Industry†(7.7~8.2). Billion tons), the growth in demand for crude steel consumption will tend to be stable. Before the downstream demand has not improved and the overcapacity conflict has been initially resolved, it is difficult for steel companies to effectively improve their profit margins. However, as China's ore demand tends to be stable, the global iron ore supply oversupply situation will gradually become prominent, and iron ore prices will generally show a downward trend. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the steel industry, we will work with relevant departments and in accordance with the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, to resolve the overcapacity conflict as the focus of the restructuring of the steel industry, strengthen research and timely deployment, and provide the country with improved macro-control and formulation of policies. stand by.
First, efforts were made to strengthen planning and implementation and standard management. Continue to promote the implementation of the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for the Iron and Steel Industry", and conduct mid-term evaluation of the plan, put forward suggestions for the next step of work; steadily promote the standardization of iron and steel enterprises, and strive for the 1-2 batches in 2013 to meet the normative conditions List of steel companies.
The second is to resolve the contradiction of overcapacity in the steel industry. Promote the restructuring of the steel industry in Shandong, Hebei, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other places, and integrate a batch of excess capacity by supporting the merger and reorganization of advantageous enterprises. Adjust the industry's entry barriers in a timely manner, gradually shift out the elimination of outdated equipment and production lines to eliminate backward enterprises, and increase the elimination of backwardness. Create and expand domestic steel demand and digest a batch of excess capacity. We will study key areas for overseas investment that are suitable for China's steel production capacity transfer, and encourage domestic powerful steel companies to “go global†and transfer a batch of excess capacity.
The third is to actively organize the technological progress and technological transformation of enterprises. Support steel enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out high-efficiency production, energy conservation and environmental protection, and collaborative innovation of new material technology development. Entrusted industry associations to train and coach key mature technology technologies such as key process technology improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction, and resource development and utilization to guide enterprises to transform and upgrade. Strengthen the technical transformation of enterprise product upgrades. Break through a new generation of recyclable steel process technology, a new generation of controlled rolling and cooling technology, steel toughening technology and other core, key and common technologies. Strengthen technological transformation in the areas of product upgrading, key industrial technology improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction, and resource development and utilization, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction and structural adjustment of the steel industry.
The fourth is to promote the promotion and application of high-performance steel. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development continued to increase the scope of promotion and application of high-strength steel bars, promote high-strength steel bars of 500 MPa and above in demonstration cities and mature areas, speed up the revision of product standards and application specifications, coordinate the promotion of steel bar production license renewal, and consolidate the application results. Actively carry out upstream and downstream cooperation of electrical steel and marine steel, establish a coordination and promotion mechanism, launch pilot demonstrations of promotion and application, and coordinate the promotion of standardization and revision.
The fifth is to focus on improving the capacity and level of iron ore resources. Strengthen the construction of China's iron ore spot trading platform, create a good development environment for the platform, and guide domestic enterprises and overseas ore enterprises to actively participate in platform trading. Further regulate the order of iron ore circulation, and gradually link the regulated enterprises of the steel industry with the flow of imported iron ore to optimize the allocation of iron ore resources. Strengthen the research on the early warning mechanism of iron ore, and explore the establishment of sound systems for information monitoring, consulting, and organization networks.
Analysis of the operation of China's steel industry and its operational prospects
Abstract In 2012, affected by the slowdown of domestic and international economic growth, overcapacity and high financial costs, the production and operation of China's iron and steel enterprises fell into a downturn again, and the steel industry entered a period of transformation and upgrading. First, the operation of China's steel industry (a...
In 2012, affected by factors such as slowing domestic and international economic growth, overcapacity and high financial costs, China's iron and steel enterprises' production and operation once again fell into a downturn, and the steel industry entered a period of transformation and upgrading.