Before explaining the characteristics of the UE series, briefly explain the damage problem that causes the tool to fail. Today's tool materials are mainly hard alloys, cermets, ceramics, CBN (boron nitride), PCD (artificial polycrystalline diamond) and other sintered materials, and the use rate of high-speed steel has been reduced. The damage form of the sintered material is as worn as the high speed steel. Wear is a progressive damage related to cutting time and cutting length. Because it is a sintered material, it has its own characteristics, that is, it is hard and brittle, and its toughness is insufficient. During the cutting process, the cutting force and the change of cutting heat cause instantaneous and low cycle impact, and brittle Fracture is formed. For (1) some small gaps appear on the cutting edge called chipping or chipping. (2) In case of seriousness, a large gap is called a broken or broken knife (Broken Fracture). A small gap appears in the blade, that is, when it is missing, it can no longer be used for finishing, but in some cases it can be used for roughing. (3) In addition, in the processing, part of the Adhesion is swelled near the blade. General bonding and sintering wear are one of the causes of damage to non-sintered tools. For sintered tool materials, there is a possibility of bonding and fusing wear, but more importantly, the chip is firmly bonded to the surface of the tool. The knot, the sinter, and the built-up edge are forced to separate from the surface of the tool after being impacted by subsequent processing. In the process, the part of the tool is also taken away at the same time as the separation, causing the bond, the fusion defect and Damaged, so in the field processing should avoid the bond fusion of the chips. Of course they also affect the quality of the machined surface. (4) The poor thermal conductivity of the sintered material is liable to cause damage such as hot cracks.

Mitsubishi's UE series coating materials have been developed to withstand these major tool damages and ensure efficient long-life machining. The four coatings of the UE series are made by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). The film layer can be made thick, wear-resistant and high temperature resistant, and can be adapted to high-speed large feed and large depth cutting. The UE series four coatings are most widely used by UE6010 and UE6020. The most versatile and typical. 2 is a picture of the organization structure of the UE 6010 and the UE 6020.

As can be seen from Figure 1, on the 45-degree line, as the first recommendation is the UE6010, because it has a relatively high hardness, is very wear-resistant and has considerable toughness to adapt to certain intermittent cutting and impact, its base carbide It is a sloping structure, that is, the performance of each layer is different, and the uppermost layer with the coating is tough, ensuring that the coating can be firmly bonded to it, resistant to defects and breakage, and the base hard alloy core is made tough and resistant. Strong deformation ability. The coating is divided into three layers. The innermost layer combined with the matrix is ​​the columnar crystal of TiCN fiber. The hardness of the secondary layer is also high and the toughness is good, which can resist the wear of the front and back.

Figure 2: UE series tool materials for turning steel

The middle layer is finely grained Al2O3, which has a hardness of up to HY2100, and its free energy value is -100Kcal/g. atom. This value represents chemical stability. The smaller the value, the better the chemical stability and the better the heat resistance. When this layer is cut at high speed, it is difficult to cause the mutual diffusion of the tool and the workpiece material molecules, so that the flow of the strip-shaped chips is caused by the crater wear caused by the rake face, and the melting degree of the layer under the high temperature condition is almost zero. The iron filings are not easily fused to the surface, thereby avoiding the various damages caused thereby. It is coated with a unique even coating technology, and the surface is particularly smooth. On this basis, the surface is coated with a special titanium compound. This layer is kept smooth, which reduces the friction coefficient and further reduces iron filings. Bonded and sintered. Because it is golden yellow, it is easier to detect minor damage that may occur. When the UE6010 is recommended, the MV chipbreaker, which is suitable for a wide range of cutting conditions, is also recommended. The combination of the two is more versatile. The structure and performance characteristics of each layer of UE6020 are substantially the same as those of the base cemented carbide structural characteristics UE6010. However, the thinner layer (Fig. 2) has a lower hardness than the UE6010, has poor wear resistance, and has a low cutting speed but still maintains a relatively high wear resistance under the recommended cutting speed range (Fig. 1). Its flexural strength, toughness and impact resistance are higher than UE6010, suitable for cutting in unstable cutting range. Under the impact load, the thick film may be cracked, the credibility of the film is reduced, and the thick layer is more resistant to impact.

For the use conditions of UE6010 and UE6020, such as continuous cutting, very stable cutting conditions, UE6005 with higher hardness and wear resistance can be further selected. At this time, the impact load is small or not, and it can be recommended according to the recommended higher cutting speed. Achieve more efficient cutting. On the contrary, if the impact is interrupted and the impact load is larger, the UE6035 with higher toughness and higher bending strength than the UE6020 can be used. It works at the recommended cutting speed, although the speed is reduced (Fig. 1), but the tool is avoided. Defects and breakages extend the life of the tool, avoiding frequent blade changes, shortening the auxiliary time, and improving cutting efficiency.

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