In the "Broadband China" Strategy and Implementation Plan, hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan", a clear plan was made for the achievement of the 2013 target. Today, less than a hundred days remain in 2013. How is the progress of this implementation plan? In the process of broadband China's promotion, what factors have restricted the speed of broadband? With these questions, the reporter conducted investigations in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong.

The difficulty of completing urban and rural goals is different

Mr. Chen, who lives in Shanghai Xujiahui, has been using telecom 2M broadband. A few months ago, Mr. Chen learned that he could upgrade 2M broadband to 10M fiber for free. He immediately chose to upgrade. Mr. Chen said: "The same price, do not have to pay conversion fees, speed has increased a large part, who will choose to upgrade ah." It is understood that the free "copper fading into" is the telecommunications company's network speed policy one. Behind the speed of the network is the continuous advancement of China’s broadband strategy.

The primary indicator for measuring broadband is bandwidth, which is the speed of the network. In the "Implementation Plan", before 2013, it was called the "Comprehensive Speed-up Phase." According to the plan, at the end of 2013, the coverage of 20M bps broadband access capacity among broadband users in urban areas reached 80%, and the coverage rate of 4M bps broadband access capacity among broadband users in rural areas reached 85%. The reporters were in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong. The interview found that the objectives of the Implementation Plan are basically completed, but there are certain difficulties in completing the rural areas.

According to data from Shanghai at the end of August, Shanghai’s fiber-to-the-home urbanization area covers nearly 100%, household broadband penetration rate exceeds 60%, and average Internet access bandwidth exceeds 10M. Data provided by Beijing Unicom shows that as of the end of July 2013, Beijing Unicom's fiber-optic households accounted for about 77% of Beijing's households. According to the person in charge of Guangdong Telecom, as of the first half of 2013, there were 16 million broadband users in Guangdong, including more than 2 million with a bandwidth of 12M and above. By the end of the year, the average bandwidth is over 8M.

Because of a standard 2M fiber optic bandwidth, it is easy to upgrade to 10M, 20M, 100M or even G bandwidth. Therefore, the significant increase in fiber coverage means that first-tier cities have no pressure to accomplish their goals.

Cities can easily accomplish their goals and the pressure on the countryside to accomplish its goals is not small. The reporter interviewed in Guangdong found that the Pearl River Delta Super City Clusters, represented by Guangzhou and Shenzhen, are pioneers in the development of broadband. However, the less-developed areas in Guangdong, east and west, especially in rural areas, have become difficulties in the implementation of broadband in China. The current broadband access capacity in rural areas is mostly between 2M and 4M, and monthly rents are mostly between 78 and 88 yuan, which is a relatively high cost for many rural families. In addition, unlike cities, secondary broadband distributors have almost no access to the rural market. Relatively speaking, broadband in the rural market is almost monopolized by China Telecom, and there is relatively no comparable price and choice in terms of price. Therefore, broadband in rural areas is "difficult to use" because of speed problems, and "doesn't use them because of their tariffs." Because Internet and computer knowledge are not popular enough, they will "do not use."

What is the difficulty of broadband speed?

What are the difficulties encountered in the broadband acceleration process? During the interview, the reporter found that the answers of operators and consumers are different.

For operators, broadband has some obstacles from coverage to access, and the property plays an important role. From April 1, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued a document requiring that new communities be connected to optical fibers. However, some existing old residential districts' optical fiber renovations are vulnerable to property "blocking."

An industry insider in Beijing told the reporter: “Some developers have already commissioned or commissioned the property to operate broadband services when they build a residential area, that is, “community broadband.” As a result, some properties naturally do not allow other operators. Access; and some will require the receipt of 'entrance fee' and 'combination fee'. Such charges are generally verbal, but they are not cheap."

The "entrance fee" of 50,000 to 100,000 yuan is often overwhelmed by operators, which prevents users from accessing the network. In fact, due to the contradiction between the property company and the telecom operators, it is common for newspapers to end up when the user disconnects from the network. Behind the broken network, more is the struggle for interests.

At the same time, the public does not understand and contradict the operator’s work. Many operators all told reporters that in the fiber-optic reconstruction project, the public has conflicted with the need for fiber-to-the-home penetration of walls, and many users refuse to use fiber-optic broadband. An industry insider said: "A lot of people do not know enough about the value of fiber-to-the-home, because of the decoration, pipeline laying and other reasons, causing fiber-to-the-home work there are some difficulties."

For rural areas, the key to broadband penetration and speed is funding. At present, the time for advancing fiber-to-the-home in rural areas is still not ripe. Wei Leping, director of the China Telecom Science and Technology Commission, once said: “The payback period for fiber-to-the-home in ordinary urban areas is 7 years, and that in the central region is about 11 years. In the remote western regions, the investment cost cannot be recovered in 100 years. Therefore, the current requirement for broadband coverage in rural areas is 4M, which is what AD SL can achieve.

At the same time that operators are pouring out their hardships, the public is also quite content with operators. The focus of the issue is on the issue of price and experience speed.

For many users, the price of broadband is not cheap. Take Guangzhou Telecom's 4M bandwidth package as an example, the annual fee is 1580 yuan, and the monthly fee is 169 yuan. After one-year follow-up rent can be upgraded to 6M free of charge. The reporter learned from the Guangdong Great Wall Broadband and other secondary carriers. The same 4M broadband package, the annual fee is only 780 yuan, and some distributors even as low as 480 yuan, only one-half or even one-third of the telecommunications tariffs. Although the broadband “water content” of the secondary carriers is relatively high, due to the huge price advantage, many consumers would rather choose the secondary carrier with wider bandwidth because of the same tariff. Moreover, the huge price difference has also convinced many users that the broadband services of Tier 1 carriers are indeed in place. The “gold content” of prices is too high, and the price/performance ratio is unspeakable.

In addition, there are gaps between the network speeds that many users perceive and the speeds that operators announce. According to data from the China Consumers Association, in the first half of 2013, the number of complaints about network access services ranked third in the number of complaints in service in the National Association of Consumers Associations. Some experts explained this: "The actual perceived bandwidth of the user constitutes a more complex factor, and the user's access line quality, the location of the user's Internet content source, the operator's network export bandwidth load, and the user's access to Internet content The source of the server load situation are related." But there are also industry sources told reporters that at present in some declared 50M community, the highest can only provide 20M broadband.

Broadband price reduction problem to be solved

For current China, the significance of broadband acceleration is not only to make the Internet more convenient, but also to stimulate the rapid growth of the economy. A study of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OEC) shows that if broadband speed doubles, it can promote GDP growth of 0.3%. If broadband speed quadruples, economic growth can even exceed 0.6%. For China, this economic pull is critical.

In the “Implementation Plan”, the basic principle of “developing a moderately advanced broadband network development pattern” is defined, which means that the development of fiber-optic access to households has become a general trend. For new residential buildings, optical fiber coverage already exists for file protection. Therefore, how to access the residential fiber into the home becomes the key. In fact, the game between property owners and operators already exists. However, due to the implementation of the broadband China strategy, such games must be properly resolved as soon as possible.

In this regard, industry insiders suggested that the government could introduce relevant laws and regulations and management measures, increase the supervision of property blockage and high claims compensation fees during the process of light restructuring, and at the same time, strengthen the promotion and guidance of fiber-optic broadband networks. The public understands and recognizes the significance of "bright in copper".

As for whether broadband is really speeding up or false speeding up, user's questioning always exists. Although at the end of November 2012, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the China Communications Standards Association have announced broadband speed measurement standards. However, due to the technical nature of these two standards, the average user is difficult to use, and there is no mandatory punitive measure for “false broadband”. Therefore, there are not many people who know the two standards. Some consumers told reporters: "If 'false broadband' can not be effectively monitored and contained, who knows whether broadband speed is true or not?" This also shows widespread consumer concerns.

For many consumers, reducing tariffs may be more important than speeding up the network. However, due to the special nature of the communications industry, it is difficult for consumers to negotiate with operators. In fact, not to mention consumers, even the second-tier operators have very limited bargaining power. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen industry supervision and self-regulation. In 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission had conducted monopoly investigations on telecommunications and Unicom in the area of ​​broadband access, which also contributed to Telecom and Unicom's commitment to lower tariffs. This also proves that it is very important to ensure the orderly development of the telecommunications market and create a fair competitive environment. In contrast, although the Mexican telecommunications market has contributed one of the world’s richest people, the communication level of the entire country has not improved as a result. According to a report from the OECD, due to the monopoly of the telecommunications service market in Mexico, Mexican telecom users spend more than 10 billion U.S. dollars a year in communications costs, which is exactly what the Chinese telecommunications industry needs to avoid.

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