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Scientifically use fertilizers and formulate fertilization. It is necessary to strictly control the amount of chemical fertilizers, especially to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; to use nutrient content, and especially impurities with heavy metals and toxic substances and high purity; it is necessary to use fertilizers that do not cause soil acidification according to soil conditions; Vigorously promote the formula fertilization technology of vegetable fields, pay attention to the use of "three elements", pay attention to the use of trace element fertilizers; promote the use of multi-component fertilizers and organic and inorganic compound fertilizers to eliminate the phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Eliminate blind fertilization and pay attention to fertilization methods. There are many kinds of vegetables, and the growth characteristics and fertilizer requirements are very different. Different vegetable cultivation seasons and cultivation methods are different. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of different types of vegetables, fertilizer requirements, soil fertility status and fertilizer The type and nutrient content, scientifically calculate the amount of fertilization, and according to different cultivation methods (such as facility cultivation and open field cultivation), different cultivation seasons, soil and water conditions, and do a good job of soil testing and fertilization. It is necessary to adopt scientific fertilization method, adhere to the combination of base fertilizer and top dressing, and base fertilizer should be based on decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; topdressing should be based on different growth stages of vegetables and the amount of fertilizer required. The peak period of organ formation, such as rhizome, tuber enlargement period, ball-forming period, and heavy application of top dressing during flowering. The base fertilizer should be applied deep, layered or ditch. Topdressing should be carried out in conjunction with watering. Promote foliar fertilization technology.
Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning. It is necessary to vigorously promote the use of organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are not only nutrient-rich, long-lasting, stable, cushioning, and rich in organic matter, which can improve soil structure and reduce pollution of vegetable soil environment; use high-quality livestock and poultry When the manure is used, the manure must be treated by accumulation and fermentation, and the impurities in the organic fertilizer should be cleaned to reduce the physical pollution of the vegetable soil; use various possible application fields to plant the green manure technology to increase the fertilizer source. , improve the soil. According to local conditions, the technology of straw returning to the field can be combined with biological bacterial fertilizer; in addition, the use of fertilizers such as biological bacterial fertilizer and puffed chicken manure is promoted.
Adhere to a rational rotation and attach importance to soil and fertilizer. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive management methods such as scientific water and drought rotation, vegetable grain and melon rotation; expand rhizobial crops, that is, the cultivation of legumes; regularly apply the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and establish standardized vegetable fields; Farmland water conservancy construction, reducing the groundwater level; the acidity of the field should be increased by the application of lime or soil conditioner, as soon as possible to improve the soil, the soil can be fertilized.
Implement clean cultivation to avoid soil pollution. Where there are conditions, it is necessary to promote the nutritional diagnosis technology of vegetable crops, according to the analysis of plant tissue nutrient composition, soil nutrient rapid measurement and plant nutrition diagnosis, to understand the fertilizer demand status of vegetables, to correctly identify the imbalance symptoms of main nutrients, and analyze the resulting After the cause, timely measures are taken to prevent and control. It is strictly forbidden to use domestic garbage and water all kinds of sewage. Fields with high cadmium content can be rotated with rice, applying lime or calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizers. Silicon and calcium fertilizers can increase soil pH and reduce the effectiveness of cadmium in soil.
Source: Agricultural Resources Guide, No. 25, 2009 (Hu Qishan)
Formulated fertilization to improve old vegetable garden soil
Due to long-term cultivation of the old vegetable garden soil, combined with the cultivation and maintenance of soil stress and various adverse conditions, the soil fertility gradually declines, and the soil texture is aging, which seriously affects the growth and sustainable production of vegetables. There are mainly the following problems in the old vegetable gardens around the country. First, the soil nutrient and proportion of the vegetable garden are seriously out of balance. Second, the tillage layer becomes shallow, the soil physicality declines, and the soil fertility declines. Third, the vegetable garden soil is acidified, the concentration of potassium ions and hydrogen ions increases, and the trace elements are exhausted. The fourth is to inhibit the microbial activity of soil pathogens, resulting in aggravation of soil-borne diseases and other diseases. Fifth, multiple ways cause soil pollution to varying degrees, resulting in a decline in vegetable yield and quality. In view of the outstanding problems in the soil of the old vegetable garden, the following measures should be taken to treat it.
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