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In the 16 years since the expansion of enrollment, the total number of college graduates nationwide has soared from 850,000 in 1999 to 7.65 million this year. In addition, there are about 7 million students who graduated from vocational schools and no longer continue to pursue higher education after junior high school. This year, the city added about 15 million new youth laborers.
The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security have all said that the employment pressure of young people who are mainly college graduates this year is relatively high.
However, under the background of economic downturn, some enterprises have increased the employment threshold, reduced the scale of recruitment, and even stopped the campus recruitment for fresh graduates. They also put a few straws on the college students who are looking for a job.
The number of migrant workers is also steadily rising. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the total number of migrant workers nationwide in 2015 was 2.7747 billion, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year, and the number of large-scale enterprises was unprecedented.
They are faced with the dilemma of difficulty in recruiting workers and difficulties in employment. The disappearance of demographic dividends and the lack of skills coexist, and both enterprises and migrant workers face structural contradictions. Therefore, it has been repeatedly proposed that migrant workers bring their skills to go out to work and return home to work to solve employment.
The seriousness of the employment situation this year is also due to the emergence of new groups – the diversion of laid-off workers brought about by the process of production. Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the goal of de-capacity is to reduce the production capacity of steel by 100 million to 150 million tons within five years, and to reduce 500 million tons of coal production capacity by 500 million tons in three to five years.
According to media reports, CICC has estimated that in the next two to three years, if the industries with the most overcapacity cut production by 30%, 3 million people will be unemployed, involving industries including steel, coal mining, cement, shipbuilding, aluminum smelting and plate glass.
What should I do after the diversion? In his government work report, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that the central government has allocated 100 billion yuan of special award funds, which are mainly used for employee diversion and resettlement. Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the "slowing tide" in the 1990s will not repeat itself.
"It is better to raise employees than the enterprises that make losses." Li Yining, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, believes that the life of the employees has fallen, and they can find jobs again after training.
To restore the vitality of these employment "difficult households" seems to be seeking from the new economy. This concept, which was first written into the government work report this year, is represented by the "Internet +" new industries, new technologies, and new formats. It has shown an unexpected growth rate and may become a new support for employment.
This year, Premier Li Keqiang’s report on the government’s work stated that the target for 2016 is to increase employment in urban areas by more than 10 million people and the urban registered unemployment rate is less than 4.5%.
On March 9, when passing through the "Ministerial Channel" of the Great Hall of the People, Yin Weimin, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, said that despite the complexity of the employment situation this year, he still has the confidence to complete this year's employment target.
“The difficulty of college students’ employment is a false propositionâ€
NPC deputy, President of Guizhou University Zheng Qiang
Beijing News: What do you think about the difficulty of college students' employment?
Zheng Qiang: This is actually a false proposition that has been rendered and fired. Considering China's population base, land area and economic development level, and comparing with the current number of more than 2,000 colleges and universities across the country, it will find that there is a big gap with the United States, Japan, etc. The number of Chinese universities is seriously insufficient.
The Beijing News: In reality, there are companies that use the economic behavior to raise the recruitment threshold and reduce the number of recruitment. What do you think?
Zheng Qiang: Under the market economy system, when the economy goes down, it is an inevitable behavior for enterprises to improve their employment standards in line with market rules. At present, China's economy is undergoing structural adjustments. It is also an inevitable behavior for enterprises to adjust their employment standards. Therefore, as a selected person, college students should adjust their mentality to adapt, instead of complaining or maintaining high standards.
The Beijing News: How to solve the problem of college students' employment?
Zheng Qiang: First of all, society can no longer be pressurized. Don’t put college students and employment issues on fire. In addition, students should correctly position themselves, put down their bodies, and don't have the idea of ​​going to heaven. Nowadays, the society likes to speculate on the glory of the so-called successful people. I think that what really should be concerned is the hardships behind them. I suggest that when students are employed, they must understand that they want to be a general and must be a soldier first. When they start, they are also successful, and they have experienced the hardships they have experienced as rare experiences.
“Not every college student is suitable for starting a businessâ€
Representative of the National People's Congress, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and President of Boao Bio-Group
The Beijing News: Is it now encouraging college students to start their own businesses to promote college students' employment?
Cheng Jing: Encouraging college students to start a business is not a new product that is now available. Without encouragement, some people will devote themselves to the cause of innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is good for the state to give a little guidance and encouragement in policy.
But this is not to say that every college student is suitable for starting a business. Everyone should recognize their own development orientation, whether they want to join the entrepreneurship as a boss or be an employee.
The Beijing News: Now starting a business seems to be a way for everyone to go. What do you think?
Cheng Jing: It is recommended that college students think about it before starting a business. They should evaluate their emotional intelligence, IQ, and financial business. If you are not ready, don't touch it. The company can do it without sitting down and drinking coffee.
The Beijing News: Some commentators pointed out that encouraging migrant workers to return to their hometowns is to ease the pressure on urban employment. What do you think?
Cheng Jing: Migrant workers' entrepreneurship is a good measure of balanced productivity. Migrant workers returning to their hometowns are not a swarm of bees, but they are slowly changing according to their own development needs and the adjustment of industrial institutions.
The Beijing News: What do you need to pay attention to and remind you when migrant workers return to their hometowns?
Cheng Jing: This process needs attention to the re-education and skills training of migrant workers, and pays attention to the vocational training of migrant workers so that they can find a job that suits them.
“Developing small towns to accommodate migrant workers to work nearbyâ€
NPC deputy, Governor of Gannan Province, Guizhou Province
The Beijing News: What is the current situation of migrant workers in southern Fujian?
Xiang Hongqiong: We have a population of 4.2 million in Quanzhou, and the number of foreign workers in the whole year is 870,000, which is more than 40% of the total rural labor force in the whole state. According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, the state's migrant workers returned home to 42,606 entrepreneurs, and returned to work for 51,532 people.
Beijing News: Why is this change happening?
Xiang Hongqiong: Because we provide many conditions for migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and even entrepreneurship. In addition, the development of rural e-commerce, the promotion of emerging industries and urbanization have provided a choice for them to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship.
For example, we have developed family farms and established leading enterprises, thus solving the problem of “who will plant the landâ€. In addition, 24 returning migrant workers' entrepreneurial parks and 17 migrant workers' entrepreneurial incubators have been established to provide platforms and facilities for their entrepreneurship.
We have also established a linkage mechanism for entrepreneurship guidance and micro-guaranteed loans, and set up special funds for entrepreneurial support. In 2015 alone, we provided small loans for self-employed households and small and micro enterprises including returning migrant workers. yuan.
The Beijing News: What is the most crucial thing in attracting migrant workers to return to their hometowns?
Xiang Hongqiong: First of all, it is necessary to develop a batch of industries to attract them back. Last year, we added 100,700 square meters of standard factory buildings in the whole state, with a total of 3.948 million square meters, and 461 standard factory buildings, thus solving 20,300 yuan. Employment problems for people. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the vocational training and skills training for migrant workers, so that they can realize their transition from earning a living to starting a business. The most crucial thing is to vigorously develop small and medium-sized cities and small towns, accommodate more migrant workers to work and start businesses, and let them earn money and take care of their families.
The Beijing News: What problems still need to be solved for migrant workers to return to their hometowns?
Xiang Hongqiong: From the national level, we will further increase support for the improvement of rural infrastructure conditions in the west and accelerate the extension of public services to rural areas. This will solve the problem of the fact that migrant workers cannot enter the city or return to the countryside.
From the policy level, the state should consider giving some differentiated preferential policies to poverty-stricken areas in the western minority from the aspects of finance, taxation, finance, talents, science and technology, training, and land use.
"This year's recruitment has not been reduced, but also increased."
Representative of the National People's Congress and Chairman of Changchun Xinda Petroleum Group Liu Guifeng
The Beijing News: China's economic downturn is relatively large, will you reduce recruitment?
Liu Guifeng: The economic downturn has been affected by all walks of life, but we are better, basically guarantee normal production, and production and operation funds are in good orderly development.
The Beijing News: Will you recruit new graduates this year?
Liu Guifeng: Every year, according to the current development and the needs of the industry, this year has not been reduced, but also increased.
Beijing News: How many people have been recruited in previous years? How much is this year?
Liu Guifeng: In the past year, it recruited more than 100 people, accounting for 10% of all employees. This year we have to recruit about 50 people, accounting for 5% of employees.
Beijing News: Do you think it is difficult for college students to find employment now? What are the problems?
Liu Guifeng: This market is very wide. The problem of college students' own positioning, what to choose, if you are too high and far away from your profession, you may have problems in employment. If you are studying agriculture, you don’t have to go to the countryside to go to the city. If you want to study industrial management, you have to go into high-tech and don’t do it. How do you combine the theory and practice of college students?
The employment goal must be combined with the actual situation. I believe that the employment of college students should be positioned at the most basic level and the grassroots level, and then work hard toward the higher level to be successful in the workplace and to be happy. Otherwise, it will be eliminated and the second will be given. Secondary choices cause psychological stress and impact.
The Beijing News: Is it difficult to recruit workers or find a job?
Liu Guifeng: It is not difficult. If college students open their minds and go into the market, they will find a job very well. Enterprises will go deep into the market according to their own needs, and they will be in contact with college students. It is also very good to find suitable college students. This is difficult for everyone to stay in perfunctory. Not serious. Nowadays, it is mass entrepreneurship, innovation, and many jobs. There are also many talents needed. Now a domestic university student is a tutor, with a monthly income of four or five thousand, which is higher than the salary of a formal company. The key is to look at college students, can you make up your mind to enter the market, and you will be able to find a suitable job if you adapt to the market.
★ Case student employment: 60 resumes in half a year won two units beckoning
A 211 college graduate student in Beijing, a liberal arts major, a gender male, these advantages in the job season in previous years, this year seems to be useless. At least for Zhang Jin (a pseudonym) who is about to graduate, "about 60 or 70 resumes," he said. He has turned around so far, and although he holds two offers, he still has no bottom.
“It’s just too heart-wrenching.†Looking back on the job search experience of the past six months, Zhang Jin’s feelings are quite too much. It’s too difficult. Of the six or seventy resumes he shot, only about 20 responded to the next round of exams.
I am afraid that there will be omissions. Zhang Jin specifically made only one form, listing the delivery situation and progress of each unit. "Almost all the famous central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and Internet companies in Beijing have voted for it." Respondents, and even some units recruiting process. Halfway through, it is announced that no freshmen will be enrolled this year.
Zhang Jin used "sharp reduction" to describe the number of recruiting units and recruitment quotas this year. "Some people recruited more than 100 people in previous years. There are only a dozen of them this year." He said that some write only one, and some directly write one. "Several", "How do you understand? In the end, do you still recruit?"
After submitting the resume to a central enterprise, the senior who had already “goed ashore†told him that he had to wait any longer because the other party had been open for many years, but he had never heard of the appointment, or only single digits were selected.
The resume screening seems to be more strict. "If the first degree, that is, the undergraduate college is not '211', it is easy to be brushed off." Zhang Jin said that this seems to have become an unwritten rule for famous enterprises. Undergraduate students, the pass rate may be lower.
In the 6-month job search, Zhang Jin participated in two internships, one went to Hangzhou, and one time in a state-owned enterprise in Beijing.
During the internship, he realized that the employer is more and more concerned about the practical ability of the freshmen. "But the students in the ivory tower, who will have so much work experience?" Instead, the academic ability that students are better at is not valued.
"The appetite of the unit is getting bigger and bigger, and more and more requirements are required." Zhang Jin feels that sometimes the requirements of the employer and the unprotected internship are not equal for the students. “If you feel that your students are not capable enough, why not directly recruit them?†He questioned that his utilitarian unit did not have a good faith.
Fortunately, after half a year of tossing, two units have already waved to him, one in Zhejiang and one in Beijing, he chose the latter.
“Only signing a tripartite insurance?†He consulted a lot of people and didn’t dare to be too arrogant. “If someone knows, then squeeze me down?†And his more classmates are still on the way to job hunting.
[Graduation Job Search] The difficulty of college students' employment and the difficulty of recruiting workers
Abstract In the past decade or so, college employment has become a social problem, and every year seems to be the “most difficult year to workâ€. In the 16 years since the expansion of enrollment, the total number of college graduates nationwide has soared from 850,000 in 1999 to 76 this year...
In the past decade or so, college employment has become a social problem, and every year seems to be the "most difficult year to work."