New materials for wearable devices to detect leaky yarns and very fine displacement sensors

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As part of the Internet of Things, there are more and more wearable terminals that attach sensing and display functions to clothing, footwear and glasses. In addition to the installation of sensors and wiring on existing products, including the addition of functions to fabrics and the flexibility of wiring, technical developments in materials are also advancing. Let's explore the latest developments in wearable materials.

As people's attention to wearable terminals continues to increase, the technology development of related materials is also advancing rapidly. At the "Wearable Devices Expo" held on January 13-15, 2016, the high-performance display of materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics was the same as or even the hardware such as head-mounted displays (HMDs). High attention. These materials are not a combination of existing materials and components, but open up new possibilities for wearable terminals by giving new functions to the materials.

Monitor and detect leaking yarn

POSH WELLNESS LABORATORY (Headquarters: Tokyo) has developed a yarn leak detection system for a variety of liquids that can detect leaks. The scope of application envisaged includes the field of medical care for detecting blood and urine leakage, as well as the industrial field for detecting drainage and drug leakage. A major feature of the system is that it can not only detect the presence or absence of leakage, but also distinguish between sweat and blood to determine the type of liquid.

A coaxial conductive yarn is sewn into the bandage. The type of liquid in contact with the bandage can be judged based on the change in resistance.

The yarn is composed of a four-layer coaxial structure in the order of the conductor, the insulator, the conductor and the cotton from the inside to the outside. The center and other layers are wire and superimposed according to the spiral winding on the inner layer. This structure allows the yarn to penetrate through the slit of the spiral when it is immersed in the liquid, and the electric conductor and the electric conductor are filled with the liquid, and the resistance value changes accordingly.

Of course, the detection of leakage depends not only on the yarn, but also on the host to monitor the energization of the yarn. After the AC power is supplied, the type of the liquid can be judged based on the resistance when the frequency is changed.

The method of joining the yarn tip to the circuit also needs to be improved. Unlike coaxial cables such as antennas, connectors cannot be mounted on the top of the yarn. This is because the length of the yarn needs to be taken according to the purpose.

To this end, the company has developed an appliance that is inserted from the side of the yarn and connected to two conductors. The device has three needle terminals, two of which are inserted into the outer conductor, and one of the middle is inserted into the inner conductor. Although the middle one penetrates the outer conductor, the contact portion is covered with an insulator.

Since the yarn itself is not very elastic, it is required to be sewn in a zigzag shape in the central portion of the bandage when it is used for medical purposes. This can withstand a certain degree of expansion and contraction.

Very fine displacement sensor that can be stitched

Yamaha is developing displacement (strain) sensors that can stretch like rubber. The sensor is made of a fiber-impregnated fluoroelastomer in which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are arranged in the same direction, and the displacement can be measured according to the phenomenon that the gap between the CNTs is expanded and the resistance value is increased during stretching. Imagine motion sensing for measuring human motion, and an evaluation kit.

For example, by installing such a sensor, it is possible to implement a data glove that grasps finger movements. This sensor used to be supplied in the form of a strip. This time, the reference shows a yarn-like sensor "Stretchable Fiber Sensor" that is fine enough to pass through the pinhole. The ribbon sensor is used instead of the ribbon sensor, and the sensor can be directly sewn on the glove. Moreover, since the length of the sensor itself can be shortened, it is also expected to achieve more detailed detection and improve the accuracy of detecting the displacement.

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