First, personal protection requirements

The country has requirements for wearing personal protective equipment for different production sites. These requirements shall also apply to emergency rescue personnel. Personal protective equipment is a product that, depending on harmful factors of different nature during the production process, adopts different methods to protect the body from local or total external damage, thereby achieving the purpose of protection. Requirements are as follows:

The dust-proof masks, dust-proof glasses, dust caps, dust-proof clothes, etc. are required for workplaces exposed to dust.

Workplaces exposed to toxic substances must wear anti-drug supplies; gas masks and gas masks.

Safety helmets and protective shoes must be worn in workplaces where objects are hit by hazards.

Floors above 2m in height must be worn.

You must wear goggles or a protective mask to perform work that may cause eye damage.

If you are engaged in work that may be chopped or pinched by transmission machinery, you must wear overalls. The female worker must wear a protective cap, do not wear protective gloves, and must not wear hanging ornaments.

Workplaces with noise exceeding national standards must wear anti-noise earplugs or earmuffs.

When working on acids and alkalis, anti-acid and alkaline work clothes must be worn.

Water jackets must wear life jackets and use life-saving appliances.

Inflammable and explosive places must wear anti-static overalls.

Electrical insulation materials shall be worn in electrical work and shield clothing shall be worn in high voltage live work.

When working at high temperatures and cold, you must wear high temperature radiation and cold protection products.

Wear personal protective equipment to note:

Must wear certified qualified protective equipment.

Make sure that the protective equipment worn has a protective effect on the harmful factors in the place where it is to be worked, check whether the appearance is flawed or damaged, and whether the assembly of each part is tight.

It must be used strictly in accordance with the requirements of the nursing instructions. It must not be used beyond the limit, and no substitutes should be used.

Wear protective equipment to be standardized and institutionalized.

Use protective equipment for cleaning, protective equipment should be regularly maintained.

Protective equipment should be stored in designated locations and in designated containers.

The personal protection requirements of accident emergency rescue personnel should be higher than the requirements of general workers, although there are individual circumstances affecting the normal wear or the use of protective equipment during rescue, but there should also be reliable safety measures. Rescuers should enhance their self-protection awareness and self-protection skills and must not risk recklessness. When high temperature, high cold, high dust, and high noise are needed, the rescue personnel should be replaced in time so that the TWA value does not exceed the threshold value.

Second, the use of personal protective equipment and equipment

Rescuers should familiarize themselves with the performance characteristics of personal protective equipment and wear them according to accident conditions.

In the emergency rescue of various types of accidents, special emphasis should be placed on personal protection against fire and explosion accidents and chemical accidents. In the event of such accidents, non-rescue personnel should not enter the scene. Rescue workers must wear personal protective equipment that meets the requirements when they enter the scene.

Third, chemical accident rescue workers should achieve personal protection rating

Class A protection requirements: accidents produce asphyxiating or irritating poisons, the accident area has immediate danger to life and health (that is, irreparable and irreversible damage occurs within 30 min), the center of a chemical accident; the accident site of unknown sources of poison, etc. Accident rescue workers.

Class B protection requirements: The accident produces non-volatile toxic solids or liquids. The hazards to life and health in this accident area are less than Class A accident rescue workers.

Class C protection requirements: Treatment of those who have been harmed from the site of a chemical accident, although the poison that the victim is exposed to is not sufficient for clinical emergency personnel who pose a threat to others.

Hospital emergency departments or clinics at all levels must also be equipped with a small amount of Class B protective clothing. Because the rescue is not only the site has removed the contaminated accident victims, but also to help themselves come to the hospital to see the accident injury victims have not been cleared. The hospital emergency department must have a dedicated space for decontamination of suspected accidental injuries with chemical contaminants.

It should be noted that the canisters (boxes) of the masks used for the C-level protection need to be regularly updated. The use period of each type of mask is the same, which is related to the type, concentration, user's activities, etc. of the poisons. Activated carbon in canisters (boxes) that exceeds the time limit for use loses its adsorption effect, which can cause inhalation of chemical poisons to penetrate into the human body and cannot play a very good protective role.

When a chemical accident occurs, the rescue personnel who first enter the site are generally firefighters. Firefighters usually have to “fire off sources” or “isolated fire sources”. This is to extinguish fires and increase thermal resistance, but they cannot stop the distribution and leakage of dangerous chemicals. Therefore, fire-fighting agencies should be equipped with a certain amount of respiratory protective equipment, which can be used to find and rescue the injured at the fastest speed in the field.

Although most of the biological factors of the accident at the time of the human body damage are often no obvious performance, generally only after a certain period of time revealed, but the accident caused by biological factors can not be ignored. Personal protective equipment for protective chemicals can protect against biohazard factors.

According to the current accident-prone situation, public security, environmental protection, health and other related departments must also be equipped with a certain amount of personal protective equipment to prepare for the need for on-site survey sampling.

Fourth, the identification of hazards and personal protection response configuration

At present, public security, medical staff and other personnel participate in emergency rescue in many cases. Ordinary clothing, including public security uniforms and doctor uniforms, has little effect on protection against poison intrusion. Emergency rescue personnel should take correct personal protective measures. There are many types of personal protective equipment. Misuse of personal protective equipment cannot achieve the purpose of protection. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the hazards at the scene of the accident and properly select and wear protective equipment.

Personal protective countermeasures are practiced during an accident drill, and personal protective equipment must be inspected strictly to ensure the safety barrier.

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