Researchers at Aalto University in Finland and Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya in Spain have developed solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 22.1%. According to reports, this is achieved through "Black Silicon" technology. Related papers have been published in the academic journal Nature Nanotechnology. The conversion efficiency of 22.1% was confirmed by the German Fraunhofer ISE CalLab. The technology is still at the level of research and development. However, after Panasonic and Xiasha popularized Sunpower, there are more and more development examples with conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%.

The main points of the black silicon technology developed by these two universities are: (1) By processing the surface into a sword-like shape with a length of about 0.8 μm, the reflection is greatly reduced; (2) the back electrode type; (3) in the unit An anti-composite film (passivation film) is formed on the front and back surfaces, thereby reducing carrier recombination of electrons and holes.

Aalto University began developing this technology around 2012. In October 2012, it achieved a conversion efficiency of 18.2%, and in April 2013 it increased to 18.7%. The trial products will increase conversion efficiency by more than 3% to 22.1%. The trial solar cell is relatively large, with an area of ​​9cm2.

The reason why the conversion efficiency can be greatly improved is that when an anti-composite film is formed on the surface of a cell, an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer is formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the thickness of the layer is optimized. This greatly reduces carrier recombination. The Al2O3 layer with a thickness of 20 nm was used this time.

High-efficient power generation in high latitudes

This type of solar cell uses a unique surface processing technology. Therefore, in the wavelength range of 500 to 800 nm, the visible light reflectance of the cell surface is almost less than 0.5%. Hele Savin, an Aalto University professor who developed the technology, said that solar cells based on black silicon technology are ideally suited for use in high latitudes such as Finland. The reason is that, although the height of the sun is low at high latitudes, the use of unique surface processing techniques makes it difficult to reflect light from low angles, thus making it possible to use sunlight more efficiently. The paper states that black silicon solar cells generate 3% more electricity per day than ordinary solar cells with the same nominal conversion efficiency.

Incidentally, Sharp adopted a technology similar to black silicon and achieved a conversion efficiency of 25.1% on the 1.9cm square (3.6cm2) solar cell “BLACKSOLAR” in March 2014 (see the website report). In April 2015, the company introduced a conversion efficiency of 19.1% for photovoltaic panels using BLACKSOLAR technology. (Reporter: Nozawa Tetsuo)

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