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Soil testing and fertilization is a formula fertilization technology developed on the basis of chemical determination of soil fertility. Through the determination of effective nutrients in the soil, the soil nutrient abundance is determined, and fertilization suggestions are proposed. The method has the advantages of being simple, fast, and inexpensive, and can be carried out year by year, and can serve each plot, and plays a micro-guidance role in formula fertilization. However, the measurement methods are different, and the effective nutrient indicators are also different. At the same time, the fertility indicators of different soils and different crop types are also incomparable, and there is no macro guidance and regulation function. The checksum correction of the parameters also needs to be continuously improved. Nowadays, more nutrient balance methods and soil fertility index methods have been developed on this basis.
The fertilizer effect function method is based on fertilizer field trials and biostatistics. Considering the yield of crops as a function of fertilizer production, a fertilizer effect test is set on a representative plot to obtain a benefit function of crop yield corresponding to each fertilizer amount (or combination). Therefore, in order to obtain more accurate results, the method requires a longer cycle and a higher test cost. At the same time, due to the climatic differences between the years, its reproducibility is poor. It is now mainly used for macro guidance.
Crop nutrition diagnosis method is a fertilization technology based on plant nutrition chemistry. The disadvantage of this method is that it can only qualitatively reflect the level of nutrients in crop plants, but can not accurately determine the amount of fertilizer to be applied, because there are many factors affecting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops.
Basic formula for soil testing and formula fertilization (nutrient balance method)
The nutrient balance method is aimed at achieving the balance between nutrient supply and demand between crops and soil. According to the difference between crop fertilizer requirement and soil fertilization, a method for realizing the amount of fertilizer required for planned production is obtained. The formula for calculating the nutrient balance method is:
Fertilizer amount of certain nutrients
= crop target yield and fertilizer demand - soil fertilization amount / fertilizer nutrient content × fertilizer utilization rate
In the formula, the crop target yields the amount of fertilizer = the biological yield of the crop × the average content of a nutrient in the crop; the amount of soil fertilization is calculated from the nutrient absorbed by the crop when no nutrient is applied; the fertilizer utilization rate is based on the The field test results performed on the block were calculated.
It can be seen from the above formula that in order to master the nutrient-balanced formula fertilization technology, it is necessary to grasp the relevant parameters such as crop fertilizer requirement, soil fertilizer supply, fertilizer utilization rate, and effective nutrient content in fertilizer. (Liu Chunsheng)
Excerpt from: Agricultural Resources Guide
The characteristics of the three systems of formula fertilization
Formula fertilization is based on crop fertilizer requirements, soil fertilization characteristics and fertilizer effects. Under the conditions of organic fertilizer, the appropriate dosage and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizers and their corresponding fertilization techniques are proposed. At present, there are many methods of formula fertilization applied in the country. From the basic principles, it can be divided into three major systems: soil fertilization method, fertilizer effect function method and crop nutrition diagnosis method.
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