At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, there were incidents of wild travel of “alien” (also known as backpacker) in China. In December last year, a tour group composed of 18 students from Fudan University was in danger in Huangshan, and the local police officer Zhang Ninghai died on the cliff during his rescue. . Just a few days ago, another five donkeys were trapped in the Qianjiadong tourist area of ​​Guangxi because they lost their way. After all parties rescued them, they finally escaped danger. This has caused people to worry about the safety of outdoor adventure sports. Compared with China, European and American countries’ outdoor adventure sports started much earlier and formed a complete set of rescue mechanisms in responding to dangerous situations.

Rescue organizations and volunteers are the main force

In Europe and the United States, mountaineering has always been an adventure sport that people admire. In the 1920s and 1930s, humans began a conquest of high mountains. As a result, more and more casualties occurred. As a result, high altitude emergencies came into being. At the beginning, people began to rescue themselves, and later they gradually evolved into organized rescues. As early as 1948, the Austrian Mountaineering Association convened an experienced mountain rescuer in Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland and other countries to set up the International Alpine Relief Organization (ICAR). The United States also established an international rescue organization in 1959. The Rescue Association, nowadays, is considered by the people as the most important field adventure rescue association in the United States. After decades of development, Europe and the United States have formed a complete set of field rescue systems. Unlike China, these countries rely on professional volunteers from relief organizations for field rescue. In the United States, the Alpine Rescue Association has become a part of close ties with firefighting, public security, and medical services, and is responsible for the rescue of outdoor adventures. All members of the association are volunteers, have received professional training, and have obtained rescue qualifications. At present, every state in the United States has a branch of a rescue association. There are several rescue centers under the branch. In business, the rescue center is led by the local police station. The telephone number for help is the same as the alarm call. Both are 911. When receiving distress in the wild, the Association sent at least 10 volunteers to the scene to participate in the rescue. The American Alpine Rescue Association is part of the social security system. Therefore, it enjoys a series of government preferential policies. The office of the Rescue Association and Rescue Center is provided by the government; the Association purchases vehicles and equipment to enjoy tax exemption; when volunteers participate in training and rescue work, The units they work for must be unconditionally supported and must not be deducted from their salaries; the military, police, insurance, and medical departments must fully support the rescue work. If necessary, the military and the police should provide helicopters and police dogs to the association. The rescue system of many European countries is also similar to that of the United States. The rescue team is mainly composed of volunteers and cooperates with the military, police, insurance, and medical departments to implement rescue work.

Most of the rescue costs are paid by the government

Rescue in the wild is not only dangerous, but also costly. So who will pay for the rescue costs? For this matter, some European and American countries also have internal disputes, but overall, most of the money is still paid by the government. In the United States, outdoor rescue operations are usually free of charge like police and firefighting. The cost is borne by the government. However, as some costly rescue incidents have led to public dissatisfaction, eight states have passed laws that can call for help. Of course, this kind of charge also has many preconditions. For example, the laws of most states require that only the helper who is in danger because of negligence or deliberate violation will be ordered to pay for the relevant expenses. In addition to government funding, developed insurance systems in Europe and the United States have also provided funding for field rescue to some extent. For example, in many countries, climbers must purchase insurance before going uphill so that once an accident occurs, the cost of the rescue will be borne by the insurance company.

Explorers are constrained

Although the field rescue system in Europe and the United States is perfect, it does not mean that the explorers can come by their nature. Minority clubs in Western countries usually have strict screening for members, and they can't just join. Even if you are allowed to join, you must be trained to participate in outdoor activities organized by the club. This ensures that ALICE has sufficient self-protection ability when he explores, and will not “do something stupid”. Moreover, in many European and American countries, outdoor activities such as mountaineering, fishing, hunting, skiing, and hiking are required to apply for permits in advance to relevant departments. On the one hand, it is to protect the natural environment and limit the number of visitors. On the other hand, it is to ensure safety. At the same time, donkeys must abide by laws and regulations. If they break into a non-visit area or animal protection area without permission, in case of distress, rescue expenses will not only have to be shared by the donkeys but also have to pay a large fine. Even if the donkey has money, it still has to weigh and weigh, because if the place where they are trapped is too dangerous, rescuers are likely not to rescue it for safety reasons. At McKinley Mountain in Denali National Park, Alaska, there are always rock climbers in distress. The Park Management Office believes that the safety of park administrators should be given top priority. Therefore, if the rescue operation is too dangerous, they may not Implement rescue. Park caretaker Daryl Miller said: "We don't guarantee rescue here. Our slogan is: Your danger is not necessarily our danger."