HK PolyU’s R&D adopts an optical detection method called up-conversion luminescent resonance energy transfer to detect viruses. This optical method has simple steps and can shorten the time required for detection from one to three days in the traditional clinical virus detection method to two to three hours, which is more than ten times faster than the conventional method. In addition, the detection cost of each sample is approximately HK$20, which is lower than the traditional method of 80%. In addition to influenza viruses, this technology can be applied to other types of virus detection, promoting the development of low-cost, high-sensitivity, rapid testing for different viruses. Traditional flu tests are bioassays, including genetic analysis methods -- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-binding immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in immunology. However, RT-PCR is costly and time consuming, while the ELISA's sensitivity is relatively low, making it difficult to use for frontline and onsite virus detection. The above limits are based on the up-converted nanoparticle biosensors that PolyU has developed to detect viruses using optical methods. Researchers at HK PolyU have developed a biosensor optically, similar to the principle of attracting magnets to each other, connecting upconversion nanoparticles of probe oligos, and connecting through chemical reactions. Gold nanoparticles of flu virus oligo. As the probe oligo of the up-conversion particles and the DNA of the flu virus oligo of the gold nanoparticle pair, they will attract each other like magnets of similar shapes. . This process is called oligo hybridization. When near-infrared lasers are used to illuminate up-converting particles, they emit green light that is visible to the naked eye, while green light is also absorbed by gold nanoparticles. Therefore, we can use the weakening of the green light to identify the presence of the virus. Hong Kong PolyU’s scientific research team used the optical detection method of up-conversion luminescent resonance energy transfer to detect the virus medium as a liquid. To further increase its sensitivity, the researchers used a solid nanoporous alumina membrane (NAAO) system for virus detection. Because the nanoporous alumina membrane system is filled with many hollow channels, there is more room for oligonucleotide hybridization reactions. Therefore, clinical tests using deactivated virus samples have shown that the sensitivity of using solid media is more than 10 times higher than that of liquids. The research and development of HK PolyU is not only simple in design and operation, but also does not require expensive instruments and complicated operating skills. Its sensitivity can be aligned with traditional methods. Compared with conventional down-conversion optics, it has less damage to genetic material and does not generate background fluorescence, affecting the detection signal. In addition, because each virus has a unique gene ranking, researchers can design the corresponding DNA base pair ligation probes as long as they know the gene sequencing of any virus. In other words, as long as the attachment probes of the upconverting nanoparticles are modified, the optical detection method of upconverting the luminescent resonance energy transfer can be widely applied to other different types of virus detection. Related academic papers have recently been published in two authoritative magazines, ACS Nano and Small, in the field of nanomaterials. With the support of the Innovation and Technology Support Program, the research team will continue to optimize nano-biosensors, including increasing their sensitivity and specificity, and developing an array for the simultaneous detection of multiple types of influenza viruses.
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