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Import and export situation of machine tools and related policy trends (below)
In order to reduce the international trade surplus and promote industrial upgrading, on September 27, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the "Notice on Encouraging Imports of Technologies and Product Catalogues". On September 22 of the same year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce issued Measures for the Administration of Imported Discounted Funds. For advanced technologies and equipment listed in the catalogue, if the enterprise is imported by means of general trade, the state grants a subsidy policy. The interest subsidy standard will use the import amount as the principal for calculating the interest subsidy. The interest rate is not higher than the latest one-year RMB loan interest rate announced by the People's Bank of China at the time of interest settlement. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce shall determine the interest discount factor within the total amount of annual discounted funds and approve the discount interest amount. Enterprises should submit relevant application materials to relevant departments before January 31 of each year. The catalog is divided into four sections: The first part is to encourage the introduction of advanced technologies. The introduction of technology refers to the act of buying or selling foreign advanced proprietary technology or patents, or through cooperative development, obtaining independent intellectual property rights and mastering advanced proprietary technologies. A total of 44 items, related to the machine tool industry, there are high-end CNC machine tools and functional parts design and manufacturing technology; The second part, to encourage the import of important equipment. It refers to the important equipment that is not yet in the country for research and development and is urgently needed in all areas of the national economy. A total of 106 items, including 13 machine tools: (1), boring and milling machining center (including vertical, horizontal, vertical and horizontal): positioning accuracy is higher than 0.01mm, repeat positioning accuracy is higher than 0.005mm, fast feed rate Above 60m/min, workbench is greater than 1250mm, 5-axis linkage; (2) Flexible processing unit: 5-axis linkage; (3) Turning center: Repeat positioning accuracy is higher than 0.004mm, spindle end radial runout ≤ 0.001 Mm, the roundness of the workpiece is higher than 0.001mm; (4), CNC surface grinder (including forming, gantry, guide rail, double end, etc.): positioning accuracy is higher than 0.006mm (full range), repeat positioning accuracy is higher than 0.003mm (full range) ), flatness is higher than 0.002mm/1000mm, gantry width is greater than 3500mm; (5), CNC grinding machine (including inner circle, outer circle, end face outer circle, universal, centerless, bearing, sharpening, special, etc.): high positioning accuracy At 0.006mm, the repeating positioning accuracy is higher than 0.003mm, the roundness of the workpiece is higher than 0.0005mm, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is higher than 60m/s, the coordinate grinding machine has four axes and four linkages, and the seven-axis four linkage; (6), Longmen CNC milling machine: Workbench width ≥ 5000mm, repeat positioning accuracy <0.006mm/2000mm, > 3-axis linkage (7), metal honing machine; (8), single column, double column, four column universal hydraulic machine: nominal pressure > 4000t; (9), diamond hydraulic machine: nominal pressure > 9000t; (10), CNC cutting machine: thickness >40mm; (11), precision motion control related technology and special equipment; (12), high-speed, high-precision manipulator; (13) three-coordinate measuring machine: X × Y × Z> 3000 × 3000 × 2000mm, single-axis accuracy <(1+L/400)mm, space accuracy <(1.2+L/300)mm, detection accuracy <1mm. The third part is to encourage the development of key industries, a total of 66, of which there are two related to the machine tool industry: (1), CNC machine tool key components and tool manufacturing; (2), three-axis or higher linkage high-speed, precision CNC Machine tools, CNC systems and AC servos, linear motor manufacturing; Part IV, resource products, raw materials, including nickel and copper concentrates. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce will adjust the catalogue as appropriate according to the needs of the situation. Some of the above machine tools are opinions from a year ago, and the situation may have changed. Whether the state uses discount loans to support the import of these products will affect the development and development of the above products by domestic enterprises and needs further analysis. 6. The new policy for foreign investment in the industry was approved by the State Council. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce issued a new Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (Revised in 2007) on October 31, 2007, effective as of December 1, 2007. . On November 30, 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce issued the "Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries (2004 Revision)", which was suspended at the same time. The new "Catalogue" was revised under the new situation of implementing the scientific development concept, building a socialist harmonious society, further deepening reform and expanding openness, and implementing the "innovative use of foreign capital" proposed by the Party's 17th National Congress to optimize the use of foreign capital. The structure plays an important role in the direction of foreign investment in promoting the role of foreign capital in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading, and regional coordinated development. We will play an active role in doing a good job in macroeconomic regulation and control, coordinating domestic development and opening up to the outside world, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and improving the quality and level of foreign capital utilization. The revision of the new Catalogue mainly involves five aspects: First, we must continue to expand opening up and promote the upgrading of industrial structure. In the manufacturing sector, foreign investors are further encouraged to invest in China's high-tech industries, equipment manufacturing, and new materials manufacturing industries. At the same time, foreign investment is no longer encouraged for some traditional manufacturing industries that have mature technology and strong production capacity in China; the second is to conserve resources and protect the environment. Foreign investors are encouraged to invest in the development of circular economy, cleaner production, renewable energy and ecological environment protection, and encourage the comprehensive utilization of foreign investment resources. Limit or prohibit access to high-productivity, high-energy, high-pollution foreign investment projects; Third, adjust the guiding policy of simply encouraging exports; Fourth, promote regional coordinated development; Fifth, safeguard national economic security. For some strategic and sensitive industries involving national economic security, we will adopt a cautious and open attitude, appropriately adjust related items, and coordinate domestic development and opening up. The Catalogue is divided into three categories: encouragement, restriction, and prohibition. In the encouraged category, machine tool products include: (1) High-end CNC machine tools and key parts manufacturing: 5-axis linkage CNC machine tools, CNC coordinate boring and milling Machining center, CNC coordinate grinding machine, five-axis linkage CNC system and servo device, high-speed super-hard tool for precision CNC machining; (2) Multi-station forging machine with 1000 tons and above; (3), FLT flexible production line (4), vertical multi-joint industrial robots, welding robots and their welding equipment manufacturing; (5), special processing machinery manufacturing: laser cutting and tailor welding equipment, laser precision processing equipment, CNC low-speed wire EDM line Cutting Machine. 7. The import of key components of major technical equipment is subject to preferential tax return after taxation. In 2006, the State Council issued several opinions on accelerating the revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry, and proposed to develop a group of large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprise groups with strong competitiveness by 2010. To enhance the manufacturing capacity of major technical equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and basically meet the needs of energy, transportation, raw materials and other areas of national defense construction. It has identified 16 major technical equipments that have an important impact on national economic security and national defense construction, including one machine tool, namely “developing large-scale, precision, high-speed CNC equipment and numerical control systems and functional components, and changing most of large-scale and high-precision machine tools. Relying on the status quo of imports, meeting the needs of industrial development such as machinery, aerospace and other industries." The manufacture of 16 major equipments provides excellent opportunities for the machine tool industry and brings tremendous momentum and pressure to the machine tool industry. On January 14, 2007, the State Administration of Taxation of the General Administration of Customs of the National Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Finance notified the import of some key components imported by domestic enterprises for the development and manufacture of 16 major technical equipments and raw materials that could not be produced domestically. Tariffs and import-related value-added tax are subject to pre-return. The tax refunds are generally treated as state investment and converted into state capital, mainly used for the research and production of new products and the building of independent innovation capabilities. The "Notice" stipulates that for enterprises that meet the tax rebate conditions, the Ministry of Finance shall issue a confirmation letter of tax refund for major equipment manufacturing enterprises, and the relevant enterprises shall apply for tax refunds at their competent customs offices with the tax refund confirmation letter. At present, the Ministry of Finance is organizing relevant units to review the key parts of high-end CNC machine tools and some high-end CNC systems that need to be imported. It is expected to be published in the near future. III. Further Exploring the International Market The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "accelerate the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, establish a quality win, adjust the import and export structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and vigorously develop service trade." 1. Optimize the structure of export products, improve product quality, increase the value-added products, and export exports are the most important factors driving the development of machine tool industry. In recent years, the export of the whole industry only accounts for about 12% of the sales value, and the proportion is actually Too low. In 2007, non-CNC machine tools accounted for more than three-quarters of the export of metal processing machine tools. Grinding mills, polishing machines, bench drills, sawing machines and planers also accounted for a large proportion of low value-added products. Need to be highly valued. The national policy orientation is to encourage enterprises to increase the development of high-tech content and high value-added products, develop products with independent intellectual property rights, pay attention to the continuous improvement and improvement of product technical standards, and strive to international standards or international advanced technology standards. Close and transform. It is necessary to further explore the international market and improve the export of medium and high-end CNC machine tools and products with higher added value. Improve the quality of export products, and strive to export enterprises to pass ISO9000 quality certification and ISO14000 environmental protection; promote export companies to obtain relevant international certifications for safety, health, resource conservation and social responsibility. In accordance with the relevant regulations of different countries, we strive to obtain relevant certifications in order to be able to enter the country's market smoothly. 2. Make full use of countries such as ASEAN and Chile that have signed free trade zone agreements with China, and grant low tariffs to each other to expand exports. In July 2005, China and ASEAN signed a free trade zone "goods trade agreement", which stipulated The products of China and ASEAN give each other preferential tariff treatment and the customs clearance of each other's goods at the tax rate of the free trade zone. The agreement stipulates that in 2010, China and Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand will cancel tariffs on most products and establish a free trade zone. In 2007, both parties will reduce the tax rate of 60% of normal products (that is, products that both parties think can be tax-deductible) to 0-5%. The four ASEAN members of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam will enjoy more than five years of transition in the above six countries and achieve free trade with China by 2015. The first is a good prospect for exports from Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and other countries. China's production of machine tool tools in the middle and low-end CNC machine tools, electric processing machine tools, lathes, milling machines, grinding machines, gear processing machines, bending machines, presses and various tools, machine tool accessories, etc., ASEAN 6 countries import tariffs have To fall, we must seize the opportunity and actively expand exports. In Malaysia, for example, the machine tools needed in the country are still mainly imported, and a zero-tariff policy is imposed on machine tool imports. In recent years, China's exports of Malaysian machine tools have grown year by year, with an average annual growth rate of around 16%. At the beginning, China's exports were mostly ordinary machine tools (of which ordinary lathes accounted for half of Jinqie machine tools). In recent years, the demand for economical CNC machine tools has increased in the country. At present, Guangzhou CNC Equipment Factory has set up maintenance service points in Malaysia to expand exports. Played a very good role. The Malaysian traders have more Chinese people and convenient language exchange. At the same time, it can also be extended to other ASEAN countries through Malaysia, especially Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam. Premier Wen Jiabao said at the meeting of leaders of China and ASEAN countries on November 20, 2007 that in the past year, both sides have continued to accelerate the construction of bilateral free trade zones. On the basis of the implementation of the Agreement on Trade in Goods and the Agreement on Trade in Services, Actively promote the negotiation of investment agreements. This year, the bilateral trade volume will reach US$190 billion, and it is expected to exceed US$200 billion next year. The cumulative mutual investment is US$45.4 billion. The two sides have become each other's fourth largest trading partner. At the same time, it also signed the "China-ASEAN Maritime Agreement", passed the "China-ASEAN Aviation Cooperation Framework Agreement", continued to promote the construction of the Trans-Asian Railway and the Greater Mekong River Information Highway, and successfully held the 4th China-ASEAN Expo and Business. And investment summit. It has created more conveniences for expanding exchanges and cooperation between the two sides. Machine tool enterprises should actively participate in the China-ASEAN Expo held annually in Nanning, Guangxi, to create conditions for the development of the ASEAN market. The China-Chile Free Trade Area Agreement was implemented on October 1, 2006, and both parties imposed tariff reductions. Chile immediately abolished the tariffs on 5,891 products originating in China; China also immediately reduced the tariff on 2,806 products originating in Chile to zero, and from 1 January 2007, it also applied to 1947 products originating in Chile. The tariff is reduced to zero. Most of China's machinery exports to Chile include metalworking machine tools and their accessories, tool measuring tools, etc. Chile has reduced import tariffs and has a good exporter. 3. Actively explore the Indian market The Indian economy has developed rapidly for many years, and the manufacturing industry is growing at a high speed. Mechanical products, including machine tools, have a good market prospect. In recent years, China's machinery exports to India have grown rapidly. In 2004, exports were 819 million US dollars; in 2005, exports were 1.51 billion US dollars, up 84.25%; in 2006, exports were 2.981 billion US dollars, up 97.36%; exports from January to October 2007 were 4.184 billion. The US dollar increased by 78.94% year-on-year. The growth rate for the third consecutive year is above 78%, and the momentum is very strong. According to customs statistics, the total amount of China's exports to India in 2006 was 14.58 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 63.2%, of which various types of machinery products accounted for more than 40%. China has become India’s largest source of imports. It is expected that the demand in the Indian market will be strong in the next five years, which is the best period for China's machinery industry to open up the Indian market. Recently, Hubei Sanhuan Forging Equipment Co., Ltd. has exported large-tonnage CNC bending machines to India, which has opened up the Indian market. At present, some mechanical enterprises have invested in setting up a company in India. In August 2007, Liuzhou Engineering Machinery Factory officially established Liugong India Company in New Delhi, India to manage the research, development, manufacturing, sales and service of construction machinery and parts. It is necessary to invest more in the construction of construction machinery production bases in the province of Maharashtra in southwestern India. The construction of these production bases also requires a large number of machine tools. China's machine tool industry should enter the Indian market as soon as possible to seek business opportunities. In May 2007, the Ministry of Commerce and the China National Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Corporation held an international machinery industry exhibition in Mumbai, India. More than 150 companies from China participated in the exhibition, which was very popular among Indian customers. The exhibition will still be held in the original site in May 2008. The first content on display will be machine tools and metal processing equipment, spare parts and tools. The company concerned should actively participate in this promotion. 4. From the single-machine export to the development of complete sets of exports, the machine tool manufacturing industry extends to the service industry. The conditions for creating conditions should be gradually expanded from single-machine exports to a complete set of export projects for units, production lines or engineering projects. Cultivate a group of professional talents, master the information of the international market, be familiar with the international bidding and bidding business, and pay special attention to the economic cooperation projects of the Chinese government and relevant countries, foreign aid projects, and the government's export credits, etc., such as the stamping production line of the automobile factory. , auto parts factory, auto repair shop, general machinery factory, standard parts factory, engineering machinery factory, etc. The extension and expansion of manufacturing to the service industry is still at an early stage of development. Manufacturing output is shifting from a single product to a service that includes products and a set of service options. From the machine tool industry, from the sale of a single product to the sale of personalized multi-machine grouping, the solution to the problem of the line and the sale of system services, from product management to brand management, extending and expanding the scope of services, establishing or Help customers establish remote online monitoring and fault diagnosis centers for CNC machine tools, and improve their ability to provide comprehensive services from market research to after-sales service. 5. Attaching great importance to the impact of RMB exchange rate appreciation on exports On May 18, 2007, the People's Bank of China issued three measures: expanding the daily volatility of the RMB against the US dollar, raising the deposit reserve ratio and raising the benchmark interest rate for deposits and loans. Among them, since May 21, the floating rate of RMB-dollar trading price in the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market has expanded from three thousandths to five thousandths. Since August 22, 2007, the deposit and loan interest rates have been raised several times. The purpose of these measures is to shrink excess liquidity. As the US dollar is currently weak in the international arena, the appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar will accelerate. However, this does not mean that the renminbi will maintain the same rate of appreciation for other foreign currencies, especially the euro. From various circumstances, the appreciation of the renminbi against non-US dollar foreign currencies will not accelerate, the euro will appreciate against the US dollar, and the renminbi will depreciate against the euro. To this end, the relevant enterprises should pay attention to three points: First, we must strengthen risk awareness, cultivate professional talents who are familiar with foreign exchange knowledge, pay attention to changes in exchange rates of major currencies in the foreign exchange market, and timely study countermeasures, especially pay attention to grasping the timing of foreign exchange settlement; And improve product structure and customer structure. Improve the technical content and added value of export products, and at the same time try to increase the number of customers in non-US dollar countries, not too concentrated in the United States; Third, when signing a contract, choose to pay currency currency. For export products, try to choose Euro, Renminbi or other non-US dollar currencies; import products should use US dollars as much as possible. Avoid exchange losses that may be caused by exchange rate changes. IV. Actively create conditions and carry out international management The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “innovative foreign investment and cooperation methods support enterprises to carry out international operations in research and development, production and sales, and accelerate the cultivation of multinational corporations and internationally renowned ones in China. Brand.†Economic globalization has gradually connected the global economy into an organic whole, providing a broad market space for enterprise development. Chinese companies should go global, use global resources to achieve rational allocation, improve competitiveness, and carry out international operations. Maintain the continuity and stability of business development. A number of advantageous enterprises in the machine tool industry have carried out international operations. Some have large export volumes and established sales outlets in many countries; some have acquired well-known foreign companies and obtained advanced manufacturing technologies; some have joint ventures and cooperation with foreign companies to improve their technical level and broaden their sales channels. With the goal of market internationalization, brand internationalization and technology internationalization, Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Company makes full use of foreign advanced technology, digests, absorbs and innovates and becomes its own brand. The company acquired a relatively advanced technology machine tool company in the United States, and used its marketing channels to smoothly enter Qinchuan's products into the US market, and set a solid pace for international operations. In recent years, Dalian Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. has carried out international operations, established its own sales system in several countries, and through three acquisitions, it has also obtained the sales channels of the other party while obtaining core technology, and the export situation is very good. In 2007, the well-known 600 Group of the United Kingdom held the 2007 Global Sales Annual Conference in Dalian: it opened its own sales network to Dalian Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. and used the Dalian machine tool brand, which is beneficial to Dalian Machine Tool by means of the British 600 Group in Europe. Midea's sales channels further expand the international market. According to the experience of some enterprises in the machinery industry in carrying out international operations, the most basic thing is to actively create conditions and adapt to the aspects of business management thinking, personnel quality and knowledge structure, product development and technical standards, organizational structure and information platform construction. The requirements of international management, and continuous innovation, to form their own brand. 1. Business management ideas. Not only must we pay attention to the domestic market, but we must also pay attention to the international market. Create a modern enterprise management system, establish a creative modern enterprise management system, timely understand and analyze domestic and international market information, understand the latest international technology and product development trends, and continuously improve the technical content and quality level of products, better User service. 2. Continuously improve the quality of personnel and improve the knowledge structure. We must nurture and supplement a group of management and marketing talents with international vision; those who are familiar with international business, international practices, and understand international trade (including international bidding); scientific and technological talents who can research and develop according to the needs of the international market; The client conducts communication and negotiation of a composite talent. 3. According to the domestic and international market demand, we will continue to research and develop new products and increase the intensity of independent research and development and innovation. Actively seek cooperation with high-tech enterprises at home and abroad to establish a research and development platform; product technology standards should be close to or in line with international standards or international advanced technologies. 4. The organizational structure of the company must meet the needs of international operations. Establish marketing organizations or service outlets in countries or regions with large export volumes, and establish logistics institutions such as procurement, distribution, and distribution of parts and components. 5. Establish an international information platform. Timely search, query, and integrate bidding information of domestic and international market demand and important projects; domestic and foreign scientific and technological development and product patent information; establish networks, conduct sales and procurement activities, and improve operational efficiency. Carrying out international management is a strategic task for the development of China's machinery enterprises, an inevitable choice for enterprises to strengthen and improve their competitiveness; it is an important guarantee for the sustained and rapid development of enterprises. About the author: Zheng Guowei: Professor-level senior engineer, member of the Expert Committee of China Machinery Industry Federation, vice president of China Equipment Management Association, senior researcher of Technical Research Center of University of International Business and Economics. He has served as the chief engineer of the former National Machinery Industry Committee, the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry, the Production Department of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, the Director of the Import Office of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and the Adjunct Professor of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (now renamed Jiangsu University). He once served as an assistant to the member of the Negotiating Committee of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of the State Council and participated in the specific negotiation of mechanical product re-entry/accession. He used to be a member of the Expert Committee of China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products and an expert in Beijing Science and Technology Consulting. The monographs include: "Joining WTO and Machinery Industry Development", "Development of Machinery Industry from the Import and Export", "Introduction of Machinery Industry Technology and Several Issues", "How the Machinery Industry Actively and Effectively Utilizes Foreign Capital", Machinery Industry Import Tariff Adjustment and Relevant Policy Proposals, WTO Agreement on Trade Technology Barriers and China's Machinery Industry Development, WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and China's Preferential Policies, and Machinery Industry Development and Enterprise Equipment Management, "Import and Export Analysis of Machinery Industry in 2005 and Issues Needing Attention", "Mechanical Industry Reconstruction / WTO Accession, Commitment and Impact". Recent works include: "New Situations and Needs to Be Emphasized in the Machinery Industry in 2006", "Status and Development of Processing Trade in Machinery Industry", "Current Status and Development of Petrochemical General Machinery Processing Trade", "Import and Export of Machinery Industry and Response to Anti-Dumping," Countervailing", "Impact and Recommendations on the Adjustment of Export Tax Rebate Policy to Machinery Industry", "Import and Export of Petrochemical General Machinery in 2006 and Issues to Be Concerned", "Impact of Tariff Adjustment on Machinery Industry and Countermeasures", "Mechanical Machinery in 2007" "New Situations Faced by Industry and Issues Needing Attention", "22 kinds of petrochemical general machinery to reduce export tax rebate rate".