AC asynchronous servos are usually available in analog or digital mode. Compared with the analog type, the digital servo acceleration characteristic is approximately straight, the time is short, and the rigidity and precision of the system during spindle positioning control can be improved, and the operation is convenient, which is the main form adopted by the spindle drive of the machine tool. However, AC asynchronous servo has two main problems: First, the rotor generates heat, the efficiency is low, the torque density is small, and the volume is large; the second is the low power factor. Therefore, to obtain a wide constant power speed range, Larger inverter capacity. Previous page
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(II) AC Synchronous Servo System In recent years, with the development and performance improvement of high-energy low-cost permanent magnets, the performance of AC synchronous servo system using permanent magnet synchronous motor has become increasingly prominent, in order to solve the problem of AC asynchronous servo. The problem brings hope. Compared with the asynchronous servo with vector control, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has low rotor temperature, high axial connection position accuracy, low required cooling conditions, small temperature influence on the machine tool environment, and easy to reach a minimum low speed. Even at low speeds, it can be operated at constant torque, especially for powerful cutting. At the same time, it has high torque density, small moment of inertia and good dynamic response characteristics, especially suitable for high productivity operation. It is easier to achieve a high speed ratio, allowing the same machine tool spindle to have a variety of machining capabilities. It can process low-hardness materials like aluminum, as well as very hard and brittle alloys, creating conditions for optimal cutting of machine tools. .
(3) Electric spindle The electric spindle is the product of the motor and the main shaft. It connects the stator and rotor of the spindle motor directly into the inside of the spindle assembly. The rotor of the motor is the rotating part of the main shaft. The connection between the drive and the motor realizes the integration of the spindle system and “zero driveâ€. Therefore, it has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, small inertia, good dynamic characteristics, etc., and can improve the dynamic balance of the machine tool, avoid vibration and noise, and has been widely used in ultra-high-speed cutting machine tools.
In theory, the electric spindle is a high-speed motor, which can use either an asynchronous AC induction motor or a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The drive of the electric spindle generally uses vector-controlled frequency conversion technology, usually with a pulse encoder built in to achieve the position control and accurate cooperation with the feed. Due to the extremely high operating speed of the electric spindle, special requirements are placed on its heat dissipation, dynamic balance and lubrication. It must be properly solved in the application to ensure high-speed operation and precision machining of the electric spindle.
V. Conclusion
As an important functional part of CNC machine tools, the characteristics of the servo system have always been an important indicator affecting the processing performance of the system. A variety of servo drive technologies have been developed in recent years around the improvement of dynamic and static characteristics of servo systems. It is foreseeable that with the development of advanced manufacturing technologies such as ultra-high-speed cutting, ultra-precision machining, and network manufacturing, all-digital servo systems, linear motors and high-speed electric spindles with network interfaces will become the hotspots of the CNC machine tool industry and become servos. The development direction of the system.