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Tell about the characteristics and classification of optical fiber
There are many types of optical fibers. Depending on the application, the required functions and performance are also different. However, the principles for designing and manufacturing optical fibers for cable TV and communications are basically the same, such as: ①small loss; ②has a certain bandwidth and small dispersion; ③easy wiring; ④easy to integrate; ⑤high reliability; ⑥manufacturing comparison Simple; ⑦ Cheap, etc.
The classification of optical fiber is mainly from the working wavelength, refractive index distribution, transmission mode, raw materials and manufacturing methods
To summarize, here are some examples of various classifications.
(1) Working wavelength: ultraviolet fiber, observable fiber, near infrared fiber, infrared fiber (0.85pm, 1.3pm, 1.55pm).
(2) Refractive index distribution: step (SI) type, near step type, graded (GI) type, others (such as triangular type, W type, concave type, etc.).
(3) Transmission mode: single-mode fiber (including polarization-maintaining fiber and non-polarization-maintaining fiber), multimode fiber.
(4) Raw materials: quartz glass, multi-component glass, plastic, composite materials (such as plastic cladding, liquid fiber core, etc.), infrared materials, etc. According to the coating material, it can also be divided into inorganic materials (carbon, etc.), metal materials (copper, nickel, etc.) and plastics.
(5) Manufacturing methods: pre-plasticized vapor phase axial deposition (VAD), chemical vapor phase deposition (CVD), etc., and the wire drawing method includes the tube law method (Rod intube) and the double crucible method.
Quartz optical fiber uses silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the main raw material, and controls the core and cladding according to different doping amounts
Fiber with refractive index distribution. Quartz (glass) series optical fibers have the characteristics of low consumption and broadband, and are now widely used
Used in cable TV and communication systems.
Optical fiber actually refers to a core made of a transparent material and surrounded by a cladding made of a material with a refractive index slightly lower than that of the core. The optical signal incident on the core is reflected by the cladding interface to The optical signal propagates through the media in the core.
As the working wavelength of the quartz series optical fiber developed in the field of optical communication, although it is used in a short transmission distance, it can only be used for 2pm. For this reason, it can work in the longer infrared wavelength field, and the developed optical fiber is called infrared optical fiber.
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