The performance of the tool is one of the decisive factors affecting the machining efficiency, accuracy, surface quality and so on. In the modern processing process, the most effective way to improve the processing efficiency is to use high-speed machining technology; with the development of modern science and technology and production, more and more difficult to use materials are used to improve the service life of machinery and equipment. Work performance. Ceramic knives, with their excellent heat resistance, wear resistance and chemical stability, show the advantages that traditional tools can't match in high-speed cutting and difficult-to-machine materials. The new ceramic tools are also made of high hardness (HRA93-95), which can process all kinds of difficult-to-machine materials with hardness up to HRC65, eliminating the power and time consumed by annealing. It can improve the hardness of the workpiece and extend the use of machinery and equipment. life. The main raw materials of ceramic knives, Al, 0 and si, are the most abundant components in the earth's crust, which can be said to be inexhaustible, so the application prospects of new ceramic knives are very broad. 1 silicon nitride based ceramic tool 1.1 Single Si3N4 ceramic tool Such ceramic tools are mainly hot pressed ceramics with Mgo as an additive. Its hardness is 9l-93HRA, the wear resistance is between normal ceramic and cubic boron nitride, the bending strength is 0.7--0.85GPa, between the general ceramic and YT30, the impact toughness is equivalent to Y130. The heat resistance can reach 1300-1400 ° C, and has good oxidation resistance. In addition, si ceramics have self-lubricating properties, low friction coefficient, strong anti-adhesion ability, and are not easy to produce built-up edge, and the cutting edge can be sharpened. It can process a good surface quality, and is especially suitable for turning workpiece materials that are easy to form built-up edges, such as cast silicon aluminum alloy. 1.2 Compound Si3N4 ceramic cutter Since Si3N4 ceramics are covalently bonded, the crystal grains are long columnar, so they have high hardness, strength and fracture toughness, and they have a small coefficient of thermal expansion (=3×10-6/°C), so there is a comparison. Good resistance to mechanical shock and thermal shock resistance. The Si3N4 tool is particularly suitable for roughing, high-speed cutting and heavy cutting of cast iron and superalloys. Its cutting durability is several to ten times higher than that of carbide tools. It is more and more popular in the processing of automobile engine cast iron cylinders. However, the hardness of si3N4 ceramics is not particularly high (HRA92.5). When machining high hardness workpieces, such as chilled cast iron (HS65-80), high chromium cast iron (HSS0-9o), etc., pure si3N4|ceramic cutters Durability is lower. To improve its wear resistance. Adding TiCN, TiCN+TiN as a hard dispersing phase to improve the hardness of the tool material while retaining high strength and fracture toughness is called a composite silicon nitride ceramic tool. Compared with single s3N4 ceramic tools, composite silicon nitride ceramic tools have greatly improved oxidation resistance, chemical stability, creep resistance and wear resistance, and are easy to manufacture and sinter. It is the key development direction of ceramic knives in the future. 1.3 Simon ceramic cutter At present, many countries have developed a new type of si-based ceramic tool: SiMon (SiMon) tool. Saron tool is a single-phase ceramic tool developed by Lucas AyMon Company of the United Kingdom. It uses si3N4 as the hard phase Al203 as the wear phase and a small amount of sintering agent Y203. It is sintered by hot pressing and has high strength. And toughness (bending strength up to 1200MPa, hardness up to 1800HV), SiMon ceramic tool has good thermal shock resistance, compared with si3N4. SiMon ceramic tools have higher oxidation resistance, chemical stability, creep resistance and wear resistance. The heat resistance temperature is higher than 1300 ° C, and has good resistance to plastic deformation. Its impact strength is close to that of coated carbide tools, and it has been successfully applied to the processing of difficult-to-machine materials such as cast iron and high-temperature alloys. At present, the research on SiMon ceramic materials is very active in the world. In the improvement of the preparation process, multiphase, ultrafine particles and self-toughening are carried out. The development of tool materials and other aspects has achieved good results. 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