The outdoor water proof wall washer light is an essential lighting fixture for outdoor spaces. It is designed to provide bright and even illumination to walls, highting architectural features and creating a visually appealing ambiance.
Professional LED Wall washer light for landscape project, it can be used in building exterior wall , park, river, and road. There are many kinds of LED Wall washer with different sizes. All lightings are IP65 waterproof and IP67 waterproof, you can choose single color or DMX512 RGB/RGBW .
Facade Lightings wall washer HSONG LIGHTING CO,. LTD , https://www.lightingforproject.com
Fig.1 Analysis results of 8 kinds of CBN abrasive oxidation temperature difference thermal analysis From the above comparison data, the domestic 4#CBN abrasive has the best oxidation resistance, and the 3#CBN abrasive has the same oxidation resistance as ABN800. The domestic CBN abrasive is divided into 5#. The abrasive can withstand temperatures above 1000 °C. It shows that the normal temperature and high temperature performance of domestic CBN abrasives have reached the high level of foreign CBN products. The stability of domestic products has been significantly improved and has been recognized by users at home and abroad. The impact strength of CBN products at home and abroad is shown in Table 3. Table 3 Comparison of CBN Impact Strength (TI/TTI) at Home and Abroad Domestic and foreign CBN tool manufacturers basically use domestic CBN products. The products have been recognized by domestic and foreign customers, and their performance has reached international standards and long-term bulk export. The long-term and large-scale application practice of tool manufacturers at home and abroad proves that the quality of China's CBN products is stable and reliable, and can fully meet the needs of use. 6. Conclusion (1) CBN is second only to diamond except its hardness. More importantly, it also has different electrical, optical, acoustic, thermal and chemical properties from diamond. It is these different characteristics that develop new ones for it. The application area has laid the technical foundation. In addition to the common characteristics of the abrasive grade CBN nano-CBN and wBN and CBN membranes, they also have their own personality, which is the uniqueness of CBN to open up newer and wider applications. It can be seen that the research and development of CBN material preparation and its application technology is very promising. (2) The cultivation technology of CBN large single crystal, the technology of cultivating functional CBN crystal by CVD method and its research on electricity, light and heat are all behind international peers, and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as nano CBN and its products. Directly related to applied research, industry development momentum. (3) After several decades of development, CBN has only been effective in the application as engineering materials, and has become the mainstream of today's development, but it has potential prospects in application as a functional material, waiting for people to explore, to develop, to go application. In the future, when we talk about CBN, we should not only pay attention to the mainstream of CBN used as engineering materials, but also increase the development of CBN as a functional material and its application technology. Only in this way can CBN materials and their applications be comprehensive. development of. References [1] Zhang Xiangfa, Zhang Kui, Wang Guangzu, diversity of cubic boron nitride synthesis methods [C] Proceedings of the Cross-Strait Superhard Materials Technology Development Forum, 2010, 10:79~83 [2] Zhang Yichen, Zou Guangtian, Cubic Boron Nitride [M] Jilin University Press 1993 [3] Wang Guangzu, Li Gang, Zhang Xiangfa, Cubic Boron Nitride Synthesis and Application [M] Henan Science and Technology Press, 1995 [4] Li Zhihong, ceramic bond CBN abrasives Research [D] Tianjin, Tianjin University, 1996 [5] Yokogawa M, Yokogawa K, Grinding properties of monocrystalline and microcrystalline CBN grinding wheels, IntJ. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng., 1992, 26(1): 20~26 [ 6] Baaailey MW, Juchem HO, Characterization of ABN800, IDR, 1996, 56(568): 6~9 [7] Zhang Kui, Zhang Xiangfa, Wang Guangzu, Cubic Nitride Boron Today and Future [J] Industrial Diamond, 2010, 1/2:9~13 [8] Zhang Xiangfa, Zhang Kui, etc. New progress in ultra-high pressure synthesis CBN [C] Proceedings of the 5th Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Products Symposium, 2008, 9:27~33 [9] Li Zhihong, Zhao Bo, etc. Proud Achievements Glorious Future [C] Proceedings of the 5th Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Products Symposium, 2008, 9:1~16 [10] Liu Yuling, Lu Tao, etc. Performance comparison of ceramic CBN abrasives at home and abroad [C] Proceedings of the 4th China Diamond Related Materials and Applications Conference, 2010, 8: 14~23
With its waterproof feature, this wall washer light is perfect for outdoor use, even in harsh weather conditions. It is made of high-quality materials that can withstand rain, snow, and other environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting durability.
Cubic boron nitride
1. Introduction In 1957, RHWentorf of GE Company of the United States began to synthesize cubic boron nitride (CBN) by ultra-high pressure technology. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the former Soviet Union, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom also succeeded in synthesizing. CBN. Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute synthesized China's first CBN in 1966, which opened the curtain for China's CBN research and industrial production. In addition to its hardness, CBN is second only to diamond. More importantly, it also has different electrical, optical, acoustic, thermal and chemical properties than diamond. It is these different characteristics that lay the technical foundation for the development of new application fields. . In addition to the common basic characteristics of nano-CBN and wBN and CBN films, which are different from abrasive grade CBN, they all have their own personality. It is the personality that provides the possibility for CBN to open up newer and wider application fields. It can be seen that the research on the preparation technology of CBN materials and the research and development of its application technology are very promising. From the perspective of the development of the world CBN market, the demand for CBN is growing at an annual rate of more than 18%. At present, the world's annual production of CBN is about 500 million carats, of which China accounts for half of the river and mountains, not only in quantity but also in terms of quality. It is gratifying that China's CBN products have been recognized by major foreign manufacturers and well-known CBN tool manufacturers, and their performance has reached international standards, forming a batch export. 2. The development process of cubic boron nitride and its significance. In the study of boron nitride, it is found that its structure is very similar to that of graphite. As the dense phase of carbon, natural diamond exists, and the soft carbon of artificial texture is successfully used. The ground is transformed into the diamond with the highest hardness. Is it possible to convert boron nitride into a dense phase like zinc-converted boron nitride, or cubic boron nitride or other densely-formed boron nitride? In 1952, Pease pointed out in the study of boron nitride that the structure of boron nitride is similar to that of graphite, but slightly different. In a hexagonal phase structure of boron nitride, when a hexagonal grid is arranged into a crystal, every half layer produces a displacement of a half hexagonal network, which is actually more advantageous for zinc blende type boron nitride-cubic boron nitride. Formation. In 1953 Gardini summarized the literature on boron nitride and tried to prepare cubic boron nitride, but it did not succeed. In the mid-1950s, due to the development of high pressure science, the basic conditions for the synthesis of materials under extreme high temperature and high pressure conditions - high temperature and high pressure devices have matured. In 1955, Hall, a synthetic diamond research group of GE, USA, successfully synthesized synthetic diamond for the first time with an improved high-temperature and high-pressure device, creating a new field for synthesizing new materials under high temperature and high pressure. The synthesis of synthetic diamond has greatly promoted the advent of high-pressure dense phase boron nitride. Due to the similar effects of non-dense phase boron nitride and graphite structure, it was always attempted to synthesize cubic boron nitride using a catalyst for synthetic diamond such as nickel, iron, cobalt, etc., but none of them succeeded. Until 1957, Wentorf used metal magnesium as a catalyst to easily synthesize boron nitride (CBN) with cubic structure and named it Borazon. In 1963, Bundy and Wentorf studied the direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to cubic boron nitride, pointing out that the direct conversion pressure was 115×105 kPa at 2000 K without the participation of catalyst. Cubic boron nitride is mainly used in the high temperature region, and another dense phase of boron nitride, wurtzite type boron nitride (wBN), can be formed in the low temperature region. In 1972, Devries and Fleicher studied the equilibrium of the Li-BN system, which laid the experimental foundation for the boron nitride phase diagram. At the same time of synthesizing cubic boron nitride by static high pressure method, the research on dynamic high pressure synthesis of wurtzite type boron nitride and cubic boron nitride was carried out and turned into commercial production. Since Sawaoka et al. used the explosion method to convert hexagonal boron nitride into wurtzite-type boron nitride in 1974, the dynamic high pressure method has not only synthesized wBN, but also synthesized CBN, which has reached 90% in conversion. The growth of cubic boron nitride thin films is an important branch of cubic boron nitride development. In 1978, after Tadamasa reported "polycrystalline CBN film", in the 1980s, plasma, molecular flow, double electron beam, high-frequency discharge and other methods for preparing CBN films appeared in the 1980s [1~3]. Cubic Boron Nitrde (CBN) is an inorganic crystalline material that does not exist in nature and can only be synthesized by artificial synthesis. Cubic boron nitride crystals have a high hardness next to diamond and are a typical superhard material that has been widely used in the field of machining. Moreover, the CBN crystal is also a typical III-V compound with a resistivity of 1010 Ω·cm, a thermal conductivity of 13 W/(cm·K), a high temperature of 1200 ° C, and a direct band gap of up to 6.4 eV. Very good thermal conductivity, optoelectronics and semiconductor materials [1] have broad application prospects in the field of high-temperature and high-power broadband devices in microelectronics. Cubic boron nitride sphalerite structure, macroscopic symmetry belongs to F43m-Td group, can also produce second-order linear optical effect, can be used as high-order harmonic generator of light, electro-optic modulator, visible-ultraviolet light converter, Optical rectifiers, optical parametric amplifiers, etc. Cubic boron nitride has the same strong radiation resistance as diamond, and can be prepared to resist radiation. Therefore, the preparation and performance study of cubic boron nitride materials have important practical significance for the breakthrough of applied devices in various fields of national economy, especially in harsh environmental conditions such as aerospace and war. 3, the status of foreign cubic boron nitride products Foreign CBN abrasives developed earlier, the variety is complete, the quality is high, of which the United States GE company and the United Kingdom De Beers company is the most representative. GE [4] CBNI, CBN400, CBN500, CBN510, CBN550, TYPEI are very representative abrasives. CBNI type is widely used in ceramic bond abrasives. Its particle shape is irregular block shape, with good dressing and long wheel life. CBN400 has high strength, smooth crystal face and sharp and wear-resistant cutting edge. Micro-controlled cleavage on long high-strength fracture surfaces helps the abrasive to maintain a sharp cutting edge for a long time; CBN500 is a high-strength single crystal, widely used in heavy-duty grinding; CBN510 It is a strong tough block abrasive with titanium plating on the surface; CBN550 is a microcrystalline abrasive. Yokogawa.M et al. [5] studied single crystal CBN abrasive (CBNI) and microcrystalline CBN abrasive (CBN550) and found that the strength of microcrystalline CBN550 is higher than that of single crystal, and the cutting edge should not be destroyed by large area. Microcrystalline CBN grinding wheel The grinding performance is 2 to 3 times better than that of single crystal. TYPEI is its latest product, known as universal abrasive. De Beers' ABN200, ABN615, and ABN800 are its main products. ABN615 is a titanium-coated abrasive grain specially developed for ceramic bond abrasives. It has high thermal stability and can be made into a high concentration of 272%, opening up a new application path for CBN grinding iron family materials. Bailey MW et al. [6], ABN800 abrasive has high compressive strength and thermal stability, easy cleavage during grinding, and maintains a sharp polygonal cutting edge after crushing, thus providing excellent grinding performance, and Its strength is still well maintained at a high temperature of 1100 ° C. Due to its high thermal stability, grinding under severe conditions still has excellent grinding performance. 4. Status of domestic CBN products In the 20 years after the successful synthesis of CBN in China in 1966, the synthesis technology progressed very slowly. The real reason and the industrial demand are not as urgent as diamonds. The reform and opening up in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the acceleration of the development of industries such as automobile, aerospace, mechatronics, and microelectronics brought great power to the research and industrialization of CBN. In the late 1990s, the system development of CBN catalysts began in China. Catalyst series with different characteristics can synthesize CBN products with different characteristics, mastered some of the core technologies, and developed suitable for synthesis of light yellow, yellow, orange, and brown. And the touch media system of black CBN crystals. At the same time, through the study of various additives, the toughness of CBN can be adjusted to form a CBN series of products from brittle, moderate toughness and high toughness. Many products are at similar levels to foreign products (see Table 1). The CBN varieties and particle sizes commonly used in the world can be supplied in batches, and products that cannot be supplied normally in foreign countries can be supplied in batches. Many varieties can be used to achieve a particle size of 30/40, such as CBN120, CBN210, CBN230, CBN280, etc. [7]. Table 1 Domestic typical CBN products and descriptions [8] In recent years, China's CBN synthesis technology has developed rapidly, CBN product varieties have been continuously expanded, production costs have been continuously reduced, and the industrialization process of CBN products has been promoted, and the popularity of Chinese products in the international market has been improved. Occupation rate. Nowadays, all the raw materials and equipment we use have been domestically produced, and the synthesis technology is also self-contained. The industrial chain is completed. It can be said that we are not only a big country in CBN production, but also a strong producer of CBN. Why has China's CBN single crystal products developed rapidly after entering the new century? This is mainly due to the series of catalysts successfully developed for different CBN products, benefiting from the large-scale and high-pressure high-temperature presses. The increase in production, thanks to the doubling of production demand for automobiles, engines, bearings, refrigerator compressors and air-conditioning compressors, coupled with the rapid transfer of world manufacturing centers to China, the international market space for such products will also grow. This will directly drive the market space for grinding tool products [9]. 5. CBN products at home and abroad are more comprehensive. The CBN products at home and abroad have their own characteristics. What about the quality of domestic products? I am afraid that this is what everyone wants to know. Here I quote two sets of data to illustrate (see Table 2 for comparison of normal temperature performance of CBN abrasives at home and abroad). Table 2 Comparison of normal temperature performance of CBN abrasives at home and abroad The high temperature oxidation resistance of CBN abrasives is one of the important properties of abrasives. Figure 1 shows the results of the above-mentioned eight kinds of CBN abrasive oxidation temperature differential thermal analysis [10].